OT 500 Midterm Exam Study Set
true experimental design - Answer random assignment, tx group and control group, IV
independently manipulated by researcher
quasi-experimental design - Answer missing some factor that would make it a true
experimental design
-used in clinical reality
pretest-posttest control group design - Answer a true experimental design where
participants are placed into either a control group or tx group. receive pretest(O) then
the intervention(X) followed by a post test(O) to measure the DV
posttest-only control group design - Answer true experimental design in which
participants are given a tx (X) followed by a posttest (O) to measure the DV. This test
controls for pretest sensitization however you do not know if the groups are equivalent
prior to the tx
one-group pretest-posttest - Answer a single group is given a pretest(O) followed by the
intervention (X) and a posttest (O). the difference between the pretest and posttest
indicate success of the tx. Problems: hx, maturation, not comparing anything
-quasi-experimental design
nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design - Answer quasi-experimental
design. similar to pretest-posttest control group design except the participants are not
randomly assigned to the groups. Problems: self selection to groups
one-group posttest-only design - Answer quasi-experimental design in which one group
is given an intervention(X) then a posttest (O). Problems: did tx make a change?, no
control group, threats to internal validity
nonequivalent posttest-only control group design - Answer quasi-experimental design.
one group gets the tx (X) and the control group does not and both groups are posttested
(O). Problems: no pretest to determine if IV caused outcomes, selection bias. Only good
for exploratory research.
Time series design - Answer multiple measures taken before and after tx to document
patterns or trends of behavior
single factor designs for repeated measures - Answer -one-way repeated measures
design over time
-crossover design
one-way repeated measures design over time - Answer -used when you can't find a
control group
, -assess effects of tx (X) by comparing patterns of pretest and posttest scores of one
group of participants
-does not control for hx
crossover design - Answer -reduces the between pt variability because the comparison
of tx A vs B is made on the same patient
-good when tx effects are immediately reversible
-need a washout time, only appropriate with chronic conditions, need to consider if the
different tx will impact each other
A-B design - Answer baseline followed by treatment
A-B-A design - Answer single-subject study
-baseline> intervention> baseline
A-B-A-B design - Answer single-subject design
-two intervention phases and two baseline phases
-if you can replicate the results in the two phases then it is strong evidence
A-B-C-A design - Answer single-subject, multiple tx design
-baseline>tx A>baseline> tx B> baseline> tx C
-looks at the effects of different tx or a tx and placebo
inclusion criteria - Answer define characteristics an individual must have to participate
in the research study
exclusion criteria - Answer define characteristics a person must not have in order to
participate
target population - Answer a specific population in which you plan to generalize the
results to
accessible population - Answer portion of the target population to which the researcher
has reasonable access
sample - Answer subset of the population
simple random sampling - Answer unbiased, everyone has an equal chance of being
selected to the study
systematic sampling - Answer use when you have a prenumber or alphabetized list
-ex: every nth person is selected
true experimental design - Answer random assignment, tx group and control group, IV
independently manipulated by researcher
quasi-experimental design - Answer missing some factor that would make it a true
experimental design
-used in clinical reality
pretest-posttest control group design - Answer a true experimental design where
participants are placed into either a control group or tx group. receive pretest(O) then
the intervention(X) followed by a post test(O) to measure the DV
posttest-only control group design - Answer true experimental design in which
participants are given a tx (X) followed by a posttest (O) to measure the DV. This test
controls for pretest sensitization however you do not know if the groups are equivalent
prior to the tx
one-group pretest-posttest - Answer a single group is given a pretest(O) followed by the
intervention (X) and a posttest (O). the difference between the pretest and posttest
indicate success of the tx. Problems: hx, maturation, not comparing anything
-quasi-experimental design
nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design - Answer quasi-experimental
design. similar to pretest-posttest control group design except the participants are not
randomly assigned to the groups. Problems: self selection to groups
one-group posttest-only design - Answer quasi-experimental design in which one group
is given an intervention(X) then a posttest (O). Problems: did tx make a change?, no
control group, threats to internal validity
nonequivalent posttest-only control group design - Answer quasi-experimental design.
one group gets the tx (X) and the control group does not and both groups are posttested
(O). Problems: no pretest to determine if IV caused outcomes, selection bias. Only good
for exploratory research.
Time series design - Answer multiple measures taken before and after tx to document
patterns or trends of behavior
single factor designs for repeated measures - Answer -one-way repeated measures
design over time
-crossover design
one-way repeated measures design over time - Answer -used when you can't find a
control group
, -assess effects of tx (X) by comparing patterns of pretest and posttest scores of one
group of participants
-does not control for hx
crossover design - Answer -reduces the between pt variability because the comparison
of tx A vs B is made on the same patient
-good when tx effects are immediately reversible
-need a washout time, only appropriate with chronic conditions, need to consider if the
different tx will impact each other
A-B design - Answer baseline followed by treatment
A-B-A design - Answer single-subject study
-baseline> intervention> baseline
A-B-A-B design - Answer single-subject design
-two intervention phases and two baseline phases
-if you can replicate the results in the two phases then it is strong evidence
A-B-C-A design - Answer single-subject, multiple tx design
-baseline>tx A>baseline> tx B> baseline> tx C
-looks at the effects of different tx or a tx and placebo
inclusion criteria - Answer define characteristics an individual must have to participate
in the research study
exclusion criteria - Answer define characteristics a person must not have in order to
participate
target population - Answer a specific population in which you plan to generalize the
results to
accessible population - Answer portion of the target population to which the researcher
has reasonable access
sample - Answer subset of the population
simple random sampling - Answer unbiased, everyone has an equal chance of being
selected to the study
systematic sampling - Answer use when you have a prenumber or alphabetized list
-ex: every nth person is selected
