Rio Bio 202 Exam 1 Complete Questions
with Correct Detailed Answers ||
Already Graded A+
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What factor(s) are responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall? -
ANSWER ✔ surface tension from pleural fluid, positive pressure and atmospheric
pressure on the thorax
2. What is the 500 ml of air called that is inspired in a normal breath? - ANSWER
✔ tidal volume
3. What is the respiratory quantity that represents the total amount of exchangeable
air? - ANSWER ✔ vital capacity
4. Inspiration occurs when innervated by nerve pulses from what area? - ANSWER
✔ the medulla
5. What factor(s) influence the rate and depth of breathing? - ANSWER ✔
composition of the alveolar gas
6. What is associated with COPD? - ANSWER ✔ dyspnea
7. What describes how alveolar gas exchange is affected by emphysema? -
ANSWER ✔ lungs become less elastic and more fibrous which hinders ventilation
8.Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax the external urethral sphincter
to allow urination.
inhibited
stimulated - ANSWER ✔ inhibited
,9. The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following
ions?
Ca
K
H
Na - ANSWER ✔ Na
10. Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is mostly
hormonally regulated, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted
tubule is mostly unregulated. - ANSWER ✔ False
11. _______ nephrons specialize in reabsorption and secretion.
cortical
juxtamedullary - ANSWER ✔ cortical
12. When sodium potassium pumps move sodium out of a cell, the inside of the
cell becomes more - ANSWER ✔ Negative
13. Reabsorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids takes place in the
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) via cotransporters. Which of the following
would stop the reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of the cells in the PCT?
loss of K+ leak channels at the apical surface
increasing Na+ in the interstitial fluid
loss of Na+-K+ pumps in the basolateral surface of PCT cells
14.increasing Na+ concentration in the filtrate - ANSWER ✔ loss of Na+-K+
pumps in the basolateral surface of PCT cells
15. Why is the osmolarity of medullary fluid in the kidney almost four times higher
than the osmolarity of plasma?
16.The medullary cells in the kidney synthesize solutes to establish the high
osmolarity.
17.The nephron loop acts as a countercurrent multiplier and contributes solutes to
the interstitial fluid. - ANSWER ✔ The nephron loop acts as a countercurrent
multiplier and contributes solutes to the interstitial fluid.
,18. It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can
drink to carry out ordinary body functions. - ANSWER ✔ False
19. An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is
due to a(n) ________.
increase in the production of ADH
increase in the production of aldosterone
decrease in the production of ADH
decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma - ANSWER ✔ increase in the
production of ADH
20. Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to ___________.
secrete sodium ions into the filtrate
reabsorb sodium ions out of the filtrate - ANSWER ✔ reabsorb sodium ions out of
the filtrate
21. The concentration of potassium ions is highest in ________.
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Extracellular fluid (EXF) - ANSWER ✔ Intracellular fluid (ICF)
22. An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank
area, elevated temperature, and nausea. Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal
obstructions and infections. Plain X-rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish) spot in the
area of his right ureter. This should be treated with:
chemotherapy
painkillers and hydration
antibiotics
23.insulin to lower blood sugar - ANSWER ✔ painkillers and hydration
24. Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.
glomerulus
glomerular capsule
calyces
renal papillae - ANSWER ✔ glomerular capsule
, 25. Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the
filtration membrane into the capsular space. All but one of the following
statements reflects why hydrostatic pressure is so high in the glomerular
capillaries. Select the one statement that does NOT explain the high pressure
within the glomerular capillaries.
The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole.
The flow of blood is reduced as blood reaches the efferent arteriole.
The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the
afferent arteriole.
The efferent arteriole has higher resistance to blood flow than the afferent arteriole.
- ANSWER ✔ The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when
compared to the afferent arteriole.
26. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal
convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?
Contraction of the PCT walls moves filtrate through the tubule.
A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT.
This provides the energy needed to fight kidney infection.
Cells of the PCT go through a great deal of mitosis. - ANSWER ✔ A great deal of
active transport takes place in the PCT.
27. Sodium is pivotal to fluid and electrolyte balance and to the homeostasis of all
body systems. - ANSWER ✔ true
28. What is the effect of aldosterone on the cells of the distal convoluted tubule
and collecting duct?
triggers synthesis of more potassium channels in the apical membranes
29.increases sodium reabsorption by adding channels and pumps
30.inhibits water reabsorption through the apical membranes
31.causes aquaporins to be inserted into the apical membranes - ANSWER ✔
increases sodium reabsorption by adding channels and pumps
32. In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively
impermeable to water. - ANSWER ✔ true
with Correct Detailed Answers ||
Already Graded A+
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What factor(s) are responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall? -
ANSWER ✔ surface tension from pleural fluid, positive pressure and atmospheric
pressure on the thorax
2. What is the 500 ml of air called that is inspired in a normal breath? - ANSWER
✔ tidal volume
3. What is the respiratory quantity that represents the total amount of exchangeable
air? - ANSWER ✔ vital capacity
4. Inspiration occurs when innervated by nerve pulses from what area? - ANSWER
✔ the medulla
5. What factor(s) influence the rate and depth of breathing? - ANSWER ✔
composition of the alveolar gas
6. What is associated with COPD? - ANSWER ✔ dyspnea
7. What describes how alveolar gas exchange is affected by emphysema? -
ANSWER ✔ lungs become less elastic and more fibrous which hinders ventilation
8.Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax the external urethral sphincter
to allow urination.
inhibited
stimulated - ANSWER ✔ inhibited
,9. The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following
ions?
Ca
K
H
Na - ANSWER ✔ Na
10. Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is mostly
hormonally regulated, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted
tubule is mostly unregulated. - ANSWER ✔ False
11. _______ nephrons specialize in reabsorption and secretion.
cortical
juxtamedullary - ANSWER ✔ cortical
12. When sodium potassium pumps move sodium out of a cell, the inside of the
cell becomes more - ANSWER ✔ Negative
13. Reabsorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids takes place in the
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) via cotransporters. Which of the following
would stop the reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of the cells in the PCT?
loss of K+ leak channels at the apical surface
increasing Na+ in the interstitial fluid
loss of Na+-K+ pumps in the basolateral surface of PCT cells
14.increasing Na+ concentration in the filtrate - ANSWER ✔ loss of Na+-K+
pumps in the basolateral surface of PCT cells
15. Why is the osmolarity of medullary fluid in the kidney almost four times higher
than the osmolarity of plasma?
16.The medullary cells in the kidney synthesize solutes to establish the high
osmolarity.
17.The nephron loop acts as a countercurrent multiplier and contributes solutes to
the interstitial fluid. - ANSWER ✔ The nephron loop acts as a countercurrent
multiplier and contributes solutes to the interstitial fluid.
,18. It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can
drink to carry out ordinary body functions. - ANSWER ✔ False
19. An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is
due to a(n) ________.
increase in the production of ADH
increase in the production of aldosterone
decrease in the production of ADH
decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma - ANSWER ✔ increase in the
production of ADH
20. Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to ___________.
secrete sodium ions into the filtrate
reabsorb sodium ions out of the filtrate - ANSWER ✔ reabsorb sodium ions out of
the filtrate
21. The concentration of potassium ions is highest in ________.
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Extracellular fluid (EXF) - ANSWER ✔ Intracellular fluid (ICF)
22. An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank
area, elevated temperature, and nausea. Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal
obstructions and infections. Plain X-rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish) spot in the
area of his right ureter. This should be treated with:
chemotherapy
painkillers and hydration
antibiotics
23.insulin to lower blood sugar - ANSWER ✔ painkillers and hydration
24. Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.
glomerulus
glomerular capsule
calyces
renal papillae - ANSWER ✔ glomerular capsule
, 25. Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the
filtration membrane into the capsular space. All but one of the following
statements reflects why hydrostatic pressure is so high in the glomerular
capillaries. Select the one statement that does NOT explain the high pressure
within the glomerular capillaries.
The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole.
The flow of blood is reduced as blood reaches the efferent arteriole.
The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the
afferent arteriole.
The efferent arteriole has higher resistance to blood flow than the afferent arteriole.
- ANSWER ✔ The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when
compared to the afferent arteriole.
26. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal
convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?
Contraction of the PCT walls moves filtrate through the tubule.
A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT.
This provides the energy needed to fight kidney infection.
Cells of the PCT go through a great deal of mitosis. - ANSWER ✔ A great deal of
active transport takes place in the PCT.
27. Sodium is pivotal to fluid and electrolyte balance and to the homeostasis of all
body systems. - ANSWER ✔ true
28. What is the effect of aldosterone on the cells of the distal convoluted tubule
and collecting duct?
triggers synthesis of more potassium channels in the apical membranes
29.increases sodium reabsorption by adding channels and pumps
30.inhibits water reabsorption through the apical membranes
31.causes aquaporins to be inserted into the apical membranes - ANSWER ✔
increases sodium reabsorption by adding channels and pumps
32. In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively
impermeable to water. - ANSWER ✔ true
