Rafi Child and Family- Test Questions &
Answers
A 6-week-old male infant is brought by his parents to the ER with complaints of projectile
vomiting over the past 2 days. They report the vomiting occurring after feeds and becoming
increasingly forceful. The vomit is non-bilious and non-bloody in nature. His vitals are stable
other than a mild tachycardia and on examination, the child appears irritable with a sunken
fontanelle. On inspection, there is visible peristalsis and palpation reveals an olive-sized mass in
the epigastrium.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Meckel's diverticulum
Duodenal atresia
Malrotation with volvulus
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Pyloric stenosis" Correct Ans-Pyloric stenosis
"
A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his father as he has not been able to
weight bear on his right leg for the last 12 hours. There is no history of trauma. The patient has
not been unwell recently. He does not have any past medical or surgical history. His vaccinations
are up to date.
,His vital signs reveal a temperature of 38.6 degrees, tachycardia and hypotension. On physical
examination of the right leg, the child complains of pain during passive movement of the right
hip joint. The doctor also notices significantly decreased range of movement in the right hip
joint. Blood tests reveal a leukocytosis.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
Reactive arthritis
Transient synovitis of the hip
Lyme arthritis
Septic joint
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)" Correct Ans-Septic arthritis
"
A mother brings her 5-year-old boy to see you as a GP. You notice that they have requested a
translator as they are visiting from Japan. The mother explains, via the translator, that the child
has been unwell with a fever for nearly a week now. She wanted to bring him sooner but it took
time to book the translator. He is just not himself and seems very under the weather.
On examination, he has red eyes, dry, cracked lips and a rash on his hands and feet. He also has
cervical lymphadenopathy.
What is the most important investigation to rule out a serious complication of this condition?
,Blood pressure
ECG
Echocardiogram
Blood tests for autoantibodies
Urine dipstick" Correct Ans-"
A mother brings her 5-year-old boy to see you as a GP. You notice that they have requested a
translator as they are visiting from Japan. The mother explains, via the translator, that the child
has been unwell with a fever for nearly a week now. She wanted to bring him sooner but it took
time to book the translator. He is just not himself and seems very under the weather.
On examination, he has red eyes, dry, cracked lips and a rash on his hands and feet. He also has
cervical lymphadenopathy.
What is the most important investigation to rule out a serious complication of this condition?
Blood pressure
ECG
Echocardiogram
Blood tests for autoantibodies
Urine dipstick" Correct Ans-"Echocardiogram
*coronary artery aneurysm uses echo to diagnose"
, "
You are a junior doctor working in Paediatric A&E in the local district general hospital. A 4-
month-old girl, Poppy, is brought in by her mother who is concerned that she is 'off her feed'.
Poppy has been taking about half of her usual feed over the past few days, just after a cough
started about 6 days ago.
Observations show a temperature of 37.9 o C, RR 46, Sats 99% (on room air), HR 160, BP 90/60
On examination Poppy is restless and difficult to settle but you notice dry mucous membranes, a
runny nose, subcostal recession and head bobbing. Auscultation is difficult with the crying but
you think you may be able to hear some crackles throughout both lungs.
Which infection is most likely to cause this presentation?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Influenza A
Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial virus
Campylobacter" Correct Ans-RSV
"A 24-month-old girl with trisomy 21 attends for
her developmental review. Her mother is concerned
about her hearing and explains that she has had
Answers
A 6-week-old male infant is brought by his parents to the ER with complaints of projectile
vomiting over the past 2 days. They report the vomiting occurring after feeds and becoming
increasingly forceful. The vomit is non-bilious and non-bloody in nature. His vitals are stable
other than a mild tachycardia and on examination, the child appears irritable with a sunken
fontanelle. On inspection, there is visible peristalsis and palpation reveals an olive-sized mass in
the epigastrium.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Meckel's diverticulum
Duodenal atresia
Malrotation with volvulus
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Pyloric stenosis" Correct Ans-Pyloric stenosis
"
A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his father as he has not been able to
weight bear on his right leg for the last 12 hours. There is no history of trauma. The patient has
not been unwell recently. He does not have any past medical or surgical history. His vaccinations
are up to date.
,His vital signs reveal a temperature of 38.6 degrees, tachycardia and hypotension. On physical
examination of the right leg, the child complains of pain during passive movement of the right
hip joint. The doctor also notices significantly decreased range of movement in the right hip
joint. Blood tests reveal a leukocytosis.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
Reactive arthritis
Transient synovitis of the hip
Lyme arthritis
Septic joint
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)" Correct Ans-Septic arthritis
"
A mother brings her 5-year-old boy to see you as a GP. You notice that they have requested a
translator as they are visiting from Japan. The mother explains, via the translator, that the child
has been unwell with a fever for nearly a week now. She wanted to bring him sooner but it took
time to book the translator. He is just not himself and seems very under the weather.
On examination, he has red eyes, dry, cracked lips and a rash on his hands and feet. He also has
cervical lymphadenopathy.
What is the most important investigation to rule out a serious complication of this condition?
,Blood pressure
ECG
Echocardiogram
Blood tests for autoantibodies
Urine dipstick" Correct Ans-"
A mother brings her 5-year-old boy to see you as a GP. You notice that they have requested a
translator as they are visiting from Japan. The mother explains, via the translator, that the child
has been unwell with a fever for nearly a week now. She wanted to bring him sooner but it took
time to book the translator. He is just not himself and seems very under the weather.
On examination, he has red eyes, dry, cracked lips and a rash on his hands and feet. He also has
cervical lymphadenopathy.
What is the most important investigation to rule out a serious complication of this condition?
Blood pressure
ECG
Echocardiogram
Blood tests for autoantibodies
Urine dipstick" Correct Ans-"Echocardiogram
*coronary artery aneurysm uses echo to diagnose"
, "
You are a junior doctor working in Paediatric A&E in the local district general hospital. A 4-
month-old girl, Poppy, is brought in by her mother who is concerned that she is 'off her feed'.
Poppy has been taking about half of her usual feed over the past few days, just after a cough
started about 6 days ago.
Observations show a temperature of 37.9 o C, RR 46, Sats 99% (on room air), HR 160, BP 90/60
On examination Poppy is restless and difficult to settle but you notice dry mucous membranes, a
runny nose, subcostal recession and head bobbing. Auscultation is difficult with the crying but
you think you may be able to hear some crackles throughout both lungs.
Which infection is most likely to cause this presentation?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Influenza A
Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial virus
Campylobacter" Correct Ans-RSV
"A 24-month-old girl with trisomy 21 attends for
her developmental review. Her mother is concerned
about her hearing and explains that she has had
