BRM at UC Final Exam Questions &
ANSWERS !!
4 common Single Case Designs - ANSWERABAB, Multiple Baseline, Changing
Criterion, Alternating Treatment
ABAB Reversal Design - ANSWERtype of experimental design in which an
intervention is introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated, and the behavior of a
participant is examined on and off the treatment
Multiple Baseline Design - ANSWERImplemented across different skills, participants,
or settings.
IOA - ANSWERRefers to the degree to which two or more independent observers
report the same observed values after measuring the same events.
Purpose of IOA - ANSWER-confidence in operational definitions
-used for training observers
-assess need for retraining of observers (e.g. observer drift)
-estimates consistency and reliability
An Experimental design that begins with the concurrent measurement of two or more
behaviors in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment
variable to one of the behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the
other behavior(s). After maximum change has been noted in the first behavior, the
treatment variable is applied in sequential fashion to each of the other behaviors in
the design.
The staggered implementation is important when demonstrating experimental control
and a functional relationship in multiple baseline designs.
Changing Criterion Design - ANSWERA type of single-subject design in which the
effect of the treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behavior matches a
criterion that is systematically altered.
Each phase is a change in criterion. Each change acts as baseline for the phase,
demonstrating replication
Alternating Treatments Design - ANSWERan experimental design in which two or
more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the
level of responding
Baseline is not necessary in alternating treatment designs.
determines which intervention is most effective
, Single Case Design Questions - ANSWERDemonstration - to what extent will the
intervention work?
Parametric - does more or less of the intervention work better?
Component - how effective is the intervention when various components are added
or subtracted?
Comparative - does one intervention work better than another?
Single Case vs. Group - ANSWERSingle Case -
Experimental control
Participant serves as their own control
Variables are measured repeatedly and defined operationally
IV is manipulated actively
Group -
typically produces correlational results
experimental and control groups
treatment results are generalized
fidelity data is typically not collected
Advantages of SCD - ANSWERtests conceptual theories
validates intervention effectiveness
focuses on the individual
demonstrates generalization
cost-effective and reliable
Components of SCD - ANSWERResearch question
At least one participant
At least one behavior
At least one setting
Measurement system for bx and ongoing visual analysis
At least one intervention
Manipulation of the IV to assess effects on the DV (experimental design)
IOA for Event Recording - ANSWERTotal Count IOA (total small count/total large
count x 100 = IOA %)
Mean Count-Per-Interval IOA
Exact Count-Per-Interval IOA (agreements/agreements + disagreements x 100 =
Interval agreement %)
Trial-by-Trial IOA
You want 80% or higher
IOA for Interval Recording - ANSWERInterval-by-Interval IOA (Intervals
agreed/agreed + disagreed x 100 = IOA %)
Scored Interval IOA
# of intervals in which BOTH observers recorded occurrence/# of intervals EITHER
observers recorded occurrence x 100
Unscored Interval IOA
ANSWERS !!
4 common Single Case Designs - ANSWERABAB, Multiple Baseline, Changing
Criterion, Alternating Treatment
ABAB Reversal Design - ANSWERtype of experimental design in which an
intervention is introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated, and the behavior of a
participant is examined on and off the treatment
Multiple Baseline Design - ANSWERImplemented across different skills, participants,
or settings.
IOA - ANSWERRefers to the degree to which two or more independent observers
report the same observed values after measuring the same events.
Purpose of IOA - ANSWER-confidence in operational definitions
-used for training observers
-assess need for retraining of observers (e.g. observer drift)
-estimates consistency and reliability
An Experimental design that begins with the concurrent measurement of two or more
behaviors in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment
variable to one of the behaviors while baseline conditions remain in effect for the
other behavior(s). After maximum change has been noted in the first behavior, the
treatment variable is applied in sequential fashion to each of the other behaviors in
the design.
The staggered implementation is important when demonstrating experimental control
and a functional relationship in multiple baseline designs.
Changing Criterion Design - ANSWERA type of single-subject design in which the
effect of the treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behavior matches a
criterion that is systematically altered.
Each phase is a change in criterion. Each change acts as baseline for the phase,
demonstrating replication
Alternating Treatments Design - ANSWERan experimental design in which two or
more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the
level of responding
Baseline is not necessary in alternating treatment designs.
determines which intervention is most effective
, Single Case Design Questions - ANSWERDemonstration - to what extent will the
intervention work?
Parametric - does more or less of the intervention work better?
Component - how effective is the intervention when various components are added
or subtracted?
Comparative - does one intervention work better than another?
Single Case vs. Group - ANSWERSingle Case -
Experimental control
Participant serves as their own control
Variables are measured repeatedly and defined operationally
IV is manipulated actively
Group -
typically produces correlational results
experimental and control groups
treatment results are generalized
fidelity data is typically not collected
Advantages of SCD - ANSWERtests conceptual theories
validates intervention effectiveness
focuses on the individual
demonstrates generalization
cost-effective and reliable
Components of SCD - ANSWERResearch question
At least one participant
At least one behavior
At least one setting
Measurement system for bx and ongoing visual analysis
At least one intervention
Manipulation of the IV to assess effects on the DV (experimental design)
IOA for Event Recording - ANSWERTotal Count IOA (total small count/total large
count x 100 = IOA %)
Mean Count-Per-Interval IOA
Exact Count-Per-Interval IOA (agreements/agreements + disagreements x 100 =
Interval agreement %)
Trial-by-Trial IOA
You want 80% or higher
IOA for Interval Recording - ANSWERInterval-by-Interval IOA (Intervals
agreed/agreed + disagreed x 100 = IOA %)
Scored Interval IOA
# of intervals in which BOTH observers recorded occurrence/# of intervals EITHER
observers recorded occurrence x 100
Unscored Interval IOA
