PBSC-RN Sem 2 Unit 6 Exam With Correct Answers
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily the result of: a. the
release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism. b. fluid shifts related to the osmotic
effect of hyperglycemia. c. kidney damage from exposure to high levels of glucose. d.
changes in RBCs related to attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin. - ANSWER
B. Fluid shifts related to the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
Which of the following statements would be correct for a patient with type 2 diabetes
who has been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia?
a. The patient will need to be treated with insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis.
b. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to
make insulin.
c. The patient has minimal or no endogenous insulin secretion and needs daily injections
of insulin.
d. The patient may have enough endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. - ANSWER D. The patient may have enough
endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
syndrome.
Evaluate the following diagnostic results for your patient with type 2 diabetes. Which
one will require further evaluation?
a. A1C 9%
b. BP 126/80 mm Hg
c. FBG 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L)
d. LDL cholesterol 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) - ANSWER A. A1C 9% - should be less than
6.5%
Which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is correct?
a. "I can only have one drink of alcohol."
,b. "Because I have diabetes, I am not allowed to have any sweets."
c. "I should not exercise because I am taking a medication to lower my blood glucose."
d. "The amount of fat in my diet is not important. Only carbohydrates raise my blood
sugar." - ANSWER A. "I will limit my alcohol intake to one drink."
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is
essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital (select
all that apply)?
a. Insulin administration
b. Elimination of sugar from diet
c. Need to decrease physical activity
d. Availability of a portable blood glucose monitor
e. Prevention of hypoglycemia, its symptoms, and treatment - ANSWER A.
Administration of insulin
D. Availability of a portable blood glucose monitor
E. Prevention of hypoglycemia, its symptoms, and treatment
The patient with type 2 diabetes complains of blurred vision and irritability. What is the
first action the nurse should take?
a. Notify the physician.
b. Administer insulin as ordered.
c. Check the patient's blood glucose level.
d. Assess for other neurologic symptoms. - ANSWER C. Check the patient's blood
glucose level. (BG may be low)
A patient with diabetes has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL (45.7 mmol/L) and is
unresponsive. Based on assessment findings, the nurse suspects the patient is
experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
because the patient exhibits
a. polyuria.
b. severe dehydration.
, c. rapid, deep respirations.
d. decreased serum potassium. - ANSWER C. rapid, deep respirations (Kussmaul
respirations)
Which of the following are appropriate therapies for patients with diabetes mellitus
(select all that apply)?
a. Use of statins to reduce CVD risk
b. Use of diuretics to treat nephropathy
c. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
d. Use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite
e. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy - ANSWER A. Use of statins to
reduce CVD risk
C. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
E. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy
A characteristic common to all hormones is that they
a. circulate in the blood bound to plasma proteins.
b. influence cellular activity of specific target tissues.
c. accelerate the metabolic processes of all body cells.
d. enter a cell to alter the cell's metabolism or gene expression. - ANSWER B. influence
cellular activity of specific target tissues.
A patient is treated with radiation for cancer of the kidney. The nurse would monitor the
patient for signs and symptoms of damage to the
a. pancreas.
b. thyroid gland.
c. adrenal glands.
d. posterior pituitary gland. - ANSWER C. adrenal glands
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily the result of: a. the
release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism. b. fluid shifts related to the osmotic
effect of hyperglycemia. c. kidney damage from exposure to high levels of glucose. d.
changes in RBCs related to attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin. - ANSWER
B. Fluid shifts related to the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
Which of the following statements would be correct for a patient with type 2 diabetes
who has been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia?
a. The patient will need to be treated with insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis.
b. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to
make insulin.
c. The patient has minimal or no endogenous insulin secretion and needs daily injections
of insulin.
d. The patient may have enough endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. - ANSWER D. The patient may have enough
endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
syndrome.
Evaluate the following diagnostic results for your patient with type 2 diabetes. Which
one will require further evaluation?
a. A1C 9%
b. BP 126/80 mm Hg
c. FBG 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L)
d. LDL cholesterol 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) - ANSWER A. A1C 9% - should be less than
6.5%
Which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is correct?
a. "I can only have one drink of alcohol."
,b. "Because I have diabetes, I am not allowed to have any sweets."
c. "I should not exercise because I am taking a medication to lower my blood glucose."
d. "The amount of fat in my diet is not important. Only carbohydrates raise my blood
sugar." - ANSWER A. "I will limit my alcohol intake to one drink."
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is
essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital (select
all that apply)?
a. Insulin administration
b. Elimination of sugar from diet
c. Need to decrease physical activity
d. Availability of a portable blood glucose monitor
e. Prevention of hypoglycemia, its symptoms, and treatment - ANSWER A.
Administration of insulin
D. Availability of a portable blood glucose monitor
E. Prevention of hypoglycemia, its symptoms, and treatment
The patient with type 2 diabetes complains of blurred vision and irritability. What is the
first action the nurse should take?
a. Notify the physician.
b. Administer insulin as ordered.
c. Check the patient's blood glucose level.
d. Assess for other neurologic symptoms. - ANSWER C. Check the patient's blood
glucose level. (BG may be low)
A patient with diabetes has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL (45.7 mmol/L) and is
unresponsive. Based on assessment findings, the nurse suspects the patient is
experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
because the patient exhibits
a. polyuria.
b. severe dehydration.
, c. rapid, deep respirations.
d. decreased serum potassium. - ANSWER C. rapid, deep respirations (Kussmaul
respirations)
Which of the following are appropriate therapies for patients with diabetes mellitus
(select all that apply)?
a. Use of statins to reduce CVD risk
b. Use of diuretics to treat nephropathy
c. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
d. Use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite
e. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy - ANSWER A. Use of statins to
reduce CVD risk
C. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy
E. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy
A characteristic common to all hormones is that they
a. circulate in the blood bound to plasma proteins.
b. influence cellular activity of specific target tissues.
c. accelerate the metabolic processes of all body cells.
d. enter a cell to alter the cell's metabolism or gene expression. - ANSWER B. influence
cellular activity of specific target tissues.
A patient is treated with radiation for cancer of the kidney. The nurse would monitor the
patient for signs and symptoms of damage to the
a. pancreas.
b. thyroid gland.
c. adrenal glands.
d. posterior pituitary gland. - ANSWER C. adrenal glands
