NUTRITION HOSA 2024/2025 TEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Carbohydrates - Answer-any of a large group of organic compounds that includes
sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as
water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues
Types of Carbohydrates - Answer-Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides
Definition of Monosaccharides - Answer-Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that
cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
Definition of Disaccharides - Answer-Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain
two monosaccharide residues.
Definition of Oligosaccharides - Answer-carbohydrates that contain between 3 and 10
single sugar residues
Definition of Polysaccharides - Answer-A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by
hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides
Definition of Nucleotides - Answer-A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic
acids (RNA and DNA).
Types of Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
Types of Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Types of Oligosaccharides - Answer-Fru, d-fructose; Fuc, l-fucose; Gal, d-galactose;
Glc, d-glucose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic
acid).
Types of Polysaccharides - Answer-starch, glycogen, cellulose
Types of Nucleotides - Answer-DNA nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),
and cytosine (C).
RNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), it contains the
base uracil (U)
, Definition of glucose - Answer-A simple sugar that is an important energy source in
living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Definition of fructose - Answer-Sugar found especially in honey and fruit.
Definition of galactose - Answer-A sugar of the hexose class which is a constituent of
lactose and many polysaccharides also find in milk.
Definition of sucrose - Answer-A compound which is the chief component of cane or
beet sugar.
Definition of lactose - Answer-A sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide containing
glucose and galactose units.
Definition of maltose - Answer-A sugar produced by the breakdown of starch, e.g. by
enzymes found in malt and saliva. It is a disaccharide consisting of two linked glucose
units.
Definition of Fru, d-fructose - Answer-D-Fructose is a metabolite found in or produced
by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). It has a role as a sweetening agent.
Definition of Fuc, l-fucose - Answer-L-Fucose is a metabolite found in or produced by
Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB) L-
Fucose contains a Fucose motif and is often attached to a Ser/Thr aglycon.
Definition of Gal, d-galactose - Answer-D-Galactose is a metabolite found in or
produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Galactose is a natural product
found in Vigna subterranea, Lilium tenuifolium, and other organisms with data available.
Definition of GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine - Answer-N-Acetylgalactosamine, also
known as GalNAc, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha-
hexosamines. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose moiety in which
the oxygen atom is replaced by an N-acyl group.
Definition of NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid) - Answer-N-
Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in human
cells, and many mammalian cells. Other forms, such as N-Glycolylneuraminic acid, may
also occur in cells
Definition of starch - Answer-An odorless, tasteless white substance occurring widely in
plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes. It is a polysaccharide which
functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important constituent of the human diet.
Definition of glycogen - Answer-A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of
carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Carbohydrates - Answer-any of a large group of organic compounds that includes
sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as
water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues
Types of Carbohydrates - Answer-Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides
Definition of Monosaccharides - Answer-Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that
cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
Definition of Disaccharides - Answer-Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain
two monosaccharide residues.
Definition of Oligosaccharides - Answer-carbohydrates that contain between 3 and 10
single sugar residues
Definition of Polysaccharides - Answer-A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by
hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides
Definition of Nucleotides - Answer-A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic
acids (RNA and DNA).
Types of Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose
Types of Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Types of Oligosaccharides - Answer-Fru, d-fructose; Fuc, l-fucose; Gal, d-galactose;
Glc, d-glucose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic
acid).
Types of Polysaccharides - Answer-starch, glycogen, cellulose
Types of Nucleotides - Answer-DNA nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),
and cytosine (C).
RNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), it contains the
base uracil (U)
, Definition of glucose - Answer-A simple sugar that is an important energy source in
living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Definition of fructose - Answer-Sugar found especially in honey and fruit.
Definition of galactose - Answer-A sugar of the hexose class which is a constituent of
lactose and many polysaccharides also find in milk.
Definition of sucrose - Answer-A compound which is the chief component of cane or
beet sugar.
Definition of lactose - Answer-A sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide containing
glucose and galactose units.
Definition of maltose - Answer-A sugar produced by the breakdown of starch, e.g. by
enzymes found in malt and saliva. It is a disaccharide consisting of two linked glucose
units.
Definition of Fru, d-fructose - Answer-D-Fructose is a metabolite found in or produced
by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). It has a role as a sweetening agent.
Definition of Fuc, l-fucose - Answer-L-Fucose is a metabolite found in or produced by
Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB) L-
Fucose contains a Fucose motif and is often attached to a Ser/Thr aglycon.
Definition of Gal, d-galactose - Answer-D-Galactose is a metabolite found in or
produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-Galactose is a natural product
found in Vigna subterranea, Lilium tenuifolium, and other organisms with data available.
Definition of GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine - Answer-N-Acetylgalactosamine, also
known as GalNAc, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha-
hexosamines. These are carbohydrate derivatives containing a hexose moiety in which
the oxygen atom is replaced by an N-acyl group.
Definition of NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid) - Answer-N-
Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in human
cells, and many mammalian cells. Other forms, such as N-Glycolylneuraminic acid, may
also occur in cells
Definition of starch - Answer-An odorless, tasteless white substance occurring widely in
plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes. It is a polysaccharide which
functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important constituent of the human diet.
Definition of glycogen - Answer-A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of
carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis.
