HOSA NUTRITION REVIEW TEST
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Absorption - Answer-Taking up of nutrients in the intestines
Adipose tissue - Answer-Fatty tissue
Aerobic metabolism - Answer-Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called
oxidation.
Albumin - Answer-Protein that occurs in blood plasma
Alkalosis - Answer-Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost
from, the body.
Amino acids - Answer-Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is
composed
Amphetamines - Answer-Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
Anemia - Answer-Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells,
hemoglobin or blood volume.
Angina pectoris - Answer-Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
arteriosclerosis - Answer-Generic term for thickened arteries
Arthritis - Answer-Chronic disease involving the joints
ascites - Answer-Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
aspartame - Answer-Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require
insulin for metabolism
aspirated - Answer-Inhaled or suctioned
Atherosclerosis - Answer-a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of
the artery walls
avitaminosis - Answer-Without vitamins
,Beriberi - Answer-Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel
heavy feet burn and muscles degenerate.
Basal metabolism rate BMR - Answer-The rate at which energy is needed for body
maintenance.
bile - Answer-Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion
of fat.
Bioavailable - Answer-The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the
body
biotin - Answer-a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
Bolus - Answer-Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
Botulism - Answer-Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium
botulinum
bran - Answer-outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose
and protein
Buffer systems - Answer-Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in
body fluids
Cachexia - Answer-Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
caliper - Answer-Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement
nutrients (6) - Answer-Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for
good health. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
Essential nutrient - Answer-Nutrients found only in food
Carbohydrates - Answer-About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action.
Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
Monosaccharides - Answer-Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can
be easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small intestine they include
glucose fructose and galactose
Disaccharides - Answer-Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are
sucrose maltose and lactose
,Lactose intolerance - Answer-Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the
enzyme lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
Polysaccharides - Answer-Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of
monosaccharides. Examples include starch dextrin cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen - Answer-Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2
day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Fiber - Answer-Indigestible parts of plants; absorbs water in large intestine, helping to
create soft stool.
Cellulose - Answer-Primary sources of dietary fiber
Endosperm - Answer-The inner part of the kernel of grain; contains a carbohydrate.
Contain starch protein and some B vitamins
germ - Answer-Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B vitamins vitamin E
minerals and proteins
Lipids and fat - Answer-Formed from glycerol Provides energy. 9 calories
hypercholesterolemia - Answer-Unusually high levels of cholesterol and blood; also
known as high serum cholesterol. Common in clients with atherosclerosis.
plaque - Answer-Fatty deposit on interior of artery walls. When plaque blocks the heart
a heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain a stroke occurs.
function of stomach - Answer-temporary storage of food. mixing of food with gastric
juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of food into the intestine. sexretion of
the factor for B12. destruction of most bacteria.
sphincter malfunction - Answer-causes acid reflux disease.
chyme - Answer-food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastric juices - Answer-digestive secretions in stomach. contain HCl, pepsin, mucus.
HCl activates pepsin to digest protein. children have two additinal enzymes rennin-milk
protein, and gastric lipase-butterfat
salivary amylase - Answer-component of saliva that starts the digestion of starch in the
mouth
duodenum - Answer-Chyme moves through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum the
first section of the small intestine.
, cholecytokinin (cck) - Answer-triggers gallbladder to release bile for the digestion of fat
pancreatic amylase - Answer-converts starches to simple sugars
pancreatic lipase - Answer-reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol
small intestine in digestion - Answer-most nutrients absorbed. breaks down lactose
maltose and sucrose.
fat soluble vitamin deficency - Answer-occur in those with chronic malabsorbtion
disease such as cystic fibrosis, celiac, and chrons disease.
fat soluble. vitamins - Answer-A D E K. not lost easily in cooking but lost with mineral oil.
after absprbtion they are transported through the body by lipoproteins. megadoses more
common because they are stored
Vitamin A - Answer-An antioxidant plays an important role in vision, bone growth,
reproduction, cell division, antioxidant, regulates immune system.
retinol - Answer-The active form of vitamin A. Preformed vitamin A
carotenoids - Answer-Provitamin A. Think carrots and other orange and green fruits.
May reduce the risk of cancer
rickets - Answer-Deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin D; causes malformed
bones and pain in infants
Deficiency of vitamin D - Answer-May lead to osteomalacia which then can evolve into
osteoporosis
Vitamin E - Answer-antioxidant. Essential for protection of cell structure, especially of
red blood cells
vitamin K - Answer-essential in blood clotting. deficiency leads to hemorrhaging.
thiamine - Answer-Metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids. Also essential
to nerve and muscle action. Absorbed in the small intestine.
riboflavin B2 - Answer-essential for carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism. Necessary
for tissue maintenance. And healthy eyes
niacin - Answer-Serves as a Coenzyme in energy metabolism and consequently
essential to every body cell.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Absorption - Answer-Taking up of nutrients in the intestines
Adipose tissue - Answer-Fatty tissue
Aerobic metabolism - Answer-Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called
oxidation.
Albumin - Answer-Protein that occurs in blood plasma
Alkalosis - Answer-Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost
from, the body.
Amino acids - Answer-Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is
composed
Amphetamines - Answer-Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
Anemia - Answer-Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells,
hemoglobin or blood volume.
Angina pectoris - Answer-Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
arteriosclerosis - Answer-Generic term for thickened arteries
Arthritis - Answer-Chronic disease involving the joints
ascites - Answer-Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
aspartame - Answer-Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require
insulin for metabolism
aspirated - Answer-Inhaled or suctioned
Atherosclerosis - Answer-a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of
the artery walls
avitaminosis - Answer-Without vitamins
,Beriberi - Answer-Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel
heavy feet burn and muscles degenerate.
Basal metabolism rate BMR - Answer-The rate at which energy is needed for body
maintenance.
bile - Answer-Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion
of fat.
Bioavailable - Answer-The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the
body
biotin - Answer-a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
Bolus - Answer-Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
Botulism - Answer-Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium
botulinum
bran - Answer-outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose
and protein
Buffer systems - Answer-Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in
body fluids
Cachexia - Answer-Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
caliper - Answer-Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement
nutrients (6) - Answer-Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for
good health. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
Essential nutrient - Answer-Nutrients found only in food
Carbohydrates - Answer-About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action.
Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
Monosaccharides - Answer-Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can
be easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small intestine they include
glucose fructose and galactose
Disaccharides - Answer-Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are
sucrose maltose and lactose
,Lactose intolerance - Answer-Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the
enzyme lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
Polysaccharides - Answer-Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of
monosaccharides. Examples include starch dextrin cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen - Answer-Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2
day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Fiber - Answer-Indigestible parts of plants; absorbs water in large intestine, helping to
create soft stool.
Cellulose - Answer-Primary sources of dietary fiber
Endosperm - Answer-The inner part of the kernel of grain; contains a carbohydrate.
Contain starch protein and some B vitamins
germ - Answer-Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B vitamins vitamin E
minerals and proteins
Lipids and fat - Answer-Formed from glycerol Provides energy. 9 calories
hypercholesterolemia - Answer-Unusually high levels of cholesterol and blood; also
known as high serum cholesterol. Common in clients with atherosclerosis.
plaque - Answer-Fatty deposit on interior of artery walls. When plaque blocks the heart
a heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain a stroke occurs.
function of stomach - Answer-temporary storage of food. mixing of food with gastric
juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of food into the intestine. sexretion of
the factor for B12. destruction of most bacteria.
sphincter malfunction - Answer-causes acid reflux disease.
chyme - Answer-food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastric juices - Answer-digestive secretions in stomach. contain HCl, pepsin, mucus.
HCl activates pepsin to digest protein. children have two additinal enzymes rennin-milk
protein, and gastric lipase-butterfat
salivary amylase - Answer-component of saliva that starts the digestion of starch in the
mouth
duodenum - Answer-Chyme moves through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum the
first section of the small intestine.
, cholecytokinin (cck) - Answer-triggers gallbladder to release bile for the digestion of fat
pancreatic amylase - Answer-converts starches to simple sugars
pancreatic lipase - Answer-reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol
small intestine in digestion - Answer-most nutrients absorbed. breaks down lactose
maltose and sucrose.
fat soluble vitamin deficency - Answer-occur in those with chronic malabsorbtion
disease such as cystic fibrosis, celiac, and chrons disease.
fat soluble. vitamins - Answer-A D E K. not lost easily in cooking but lost with mineral oil.
after absprbtion they are transported through the body by lipoproteins. megadoses more
common because they are stored
Vitamin A - Answer-An antioxidant plays an important role in vision, bone growth,
reproduction, cell division, antioxidant, regulates immune system.
retinol - Answer-The active form of vitamin A. Preformed vitamin A
carotenoids - Answer-Provitamin A. Think carrots and other orange and green fruits.
May reduce the risk of cancer
rickets - Answer-Deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin D; causes malformed
bones and pain in infants
Deficiency of vitamin D - Answer-May lead to osteomalacia which then can evolve into
osteoporosis
Vitamin E - Answer-antioxidant. Essential for protection of cell structure, especially of
red blood cells
vitamin K - Answer-essential in blood clotting. deficiency leads to hemorrhaging.
thiamine - Answer-Metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids. Also essential
to nerve and muscle action. Absorbed in the small intestine.
riboflavin B2 - Answer-essential for carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism. Necessary
for tissue maintenance. And healthy eyes
niacin - Answer-Serves as a Coenzyme in energy metabolism and consequently
essential to every body cell.
