HESI Fundamentals of nursing Exam Questions
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
the nurse knows depressed clients are improving when they - ✔✔begin to take an interest in
their appearance or begin to perform self-care activities
the nurse should suspect an imminent suicide attempt if a depressed client becomes "better" -
✔✔be aware a happy affect may signify the the client feels relieved that a plan has been
made and is prepared for the suicide attempt
when dealing with a depressed client the nurse should assist with personal hygiene tasks and
encourage the client to initiate grooming activities even when they dont feel like doing so -
✔✔this helps to promote self-esteem and a sense of control
nursing intervention for depressed client - ✔✔sit quietly with the client, offering your
support with your presence
side effects of antianxiety drugs - ✔✔sedation, drowsiness
s/e of antidepressants drugs - ✔✔anticholinergic effects, postural hypotension
s/e MAO inhibitors - ✔✔hypertensive crisis
lithium requires renal function assessment and monitoring - ✔✔phenothiazines cause EPS
(tardic dyskinesia can be permanent)
phenothiazines cause photosensitivity so client must wear protective clothing and sunglasses -
✔✔MAO inhibitors require dietary restrictions to prevent hypertensive crisis
,atypical antipsychotics drugs are also indication for mania - ✔✔monitor serum lithium levels
carefully. 0.-1.5 is therapeutic level, blood should be drawn every 12 hours after last dose
manic clients can be very caustic toward authority figures - ✔✔avoid arguing or becoming
defensive
what activities are appropriate for a manic client? - ✔✔noncompetitive physical activities
that require the use of large muscle groups
where should a manic client be place on the unit? - ✔✔make every attempt to reduce
stimuli in the environment, place client in quiet part of the unit
what intervention should the nurse use if the client becomes abusive - ✔✔-redirect negative
behavior
-suggest a walk
-set limits on intrusive behavior
-seclude or administer medication
Bleuler's 4 A's for schizophrenia - ✔✔autism (preoccupied with self)
affect (flat)
associations (loose)
ambivalence (difficulty making decisions)
observe for increased motor activity and erratic response to staff and other clients -
✔✔client may experiencing an increase in command in hallucinations, when this occurs
there is an increased potential for aggressive behavior
,don't argue with a client about the delusions. - ✔✔logic only increases a client's anxiety, so
be matter of fact and divert delusional thought to reality
what medication can the nurse expect to administer to chemically dependent clients? -
✔✔librium or ativan, antabuse for alcohol abuse
what type of therapy is used with chemically dependent clients? - ✔✔group therapy
harm reduction is a community health strategy designed to reduce the harm of substance
abuse to families, individuals, community, and society - ✔✔denial and rationalization are the
two most common coping styles used for substance abuse
what basic needs take priority when working with chemically dependent clients? -
✔✔nutrition is a priority, alcohol and drug intake has superseded the intake of food for
these clients
what behaviors are expected during withdrawal? - ✔✔in the alcoholic DT's occur 12-36
hours after the last intake of alcohol
select only one nurse to care for an abused child - ✔✔abused children have difficulty
establishing trust, and the child will be less anxious with one consistent caregiver
women who are abused may rationalize the spouse's behavior and unnecessarily accept blame
for his actions. - ✔✔the woman may or may not choose to press charges. be sure to give her
the number of a shelter or help line
it is difficult for an elderly person to admit abuse for fear of being placed in a nursing home or
being abandoned - ✔✔it is imperative to establish a trusting relationship with elderly client
, rape victims are at high risk for PTSD. immediate intervention to diminish distress is vital. -
✔✔the nurse should also assess for and intervene for sequelae such as unwanted
pregnancy, STD's, and HIV
in child abuse, the nurse is responsible for reporting all suspected cases of abuse - ✔✔in
intimate abuse, its the adult's decision and the nurse should be supportive
the basic difference between delirium and dementia is ... - ✔✔delirium is acute and
reversible but dementia is gradual and permanent
confusion in the elderly is often accepted as being part of growing old. - ✔✔however, the
confusion may be caused from dehydration and is usually due to a specific stressor
confabulation is not lying - ✔✔it is used by the client to decrease anxiety and protect the ego
Alzheimer medication - ✔✔you can use atypical antipsychotics. Clozaril is not a front line
agent because of side effects. one may also give mood stabilizers, and antianxiety medications
nursing interventions for confused elderly - ✔✔-maintain client's health and safety
-encourage self care
-reinforce reality orientation
-provide safe, consistent environment
provide a consistent caregiver is priority in planning nursing care for the confused older client -
✔✔change increases anxiety and confusion
children experience depression, which presents as headaches, stomachaches, and other
somatic complaints - ✔✔assess suicide risks, especially in the adolescent
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
the nurse knows depressed clients are improving when they - ✔✔begin to take an interest in
their appearance or begin to perform self-care activities
the nurse should suspect an imminent suicide attempt if a depressed client becomes "better" -
✔✔be aware a happy affect may signify the the client feels relieved that a plan has been
made and is prepared for the suicide attempt
when dealing with a depressed client the nurse should assist with personal hygiene tasks and
encourage the client to initiate grooming activities even when they dont feel like doing so -
✔✔this helps to promote self-esteem and a sense of control
nursing intervention for depressed client - ✔✔sit quietly with the client, offering your
support with your presence
side effects of antianxiety drugs - ✔✔sedation, drowsiness
s/e of antidepressants drugs - ✔✔anticholinergic effects, postural hypotension
s/e MAO inhibitors - ✔✔hypertensive crisis
lithium requires renal function assessment and monitoring - ✔✔phenothiazines cause EPS
(tardic dyskinesia can be permanent)
phenothiazines cause photosensitivity so client must wear protective clothing and sunglasses -
✔✔MAO inhibitors require dietary restrictions to prevent hypertensive crisis
,atypical antipsychotics drugs are also indication for mania - ✔✔monitor serum lithium levels
carefully. 0.-1.5 is therapeutic level, blood should be drawn every 12 hours after last dose
manic clients can be very caustic toward authority figures - ✔✔avoid arguing or becoming
defensive
what activities are appropriate for a manic client? - ✔✔noncompetitive physical activities
that require the use of large muscle groups
where should a manic client be place on the unit? - ✔✔make every attempt to reduce
stimuli in the environment, place client in quiet part of the unit
what intervention should the nurse use if the client becomes abusive - ✔✔-redirect negative
behavior
-suggest a walk
-set limits on intrusive behavior
-seclude or administer medication
Bleuler's 4 A's for schizophrenia - ✔✔autism (preoccupied with self)
affect (flat)
associations (loose)
ambivalence (difficulty making decisions)
observe for increased motor activity and erratic response to staff and other clients -
✔✔client may experiencing an increase in command in hallucinations, when this occurs
there is an increased potential for aggressive behavior
,don't argue with a client about the delusions. - ✔✔logic only increases a client's anxiety, so
be matter of fact and divert delusional thought to reality
what medication can the nurse expect to administer to chemically dependent clients? -
✔✔librium or ativan, antabuse for alcohol abuse
what type of therapy is used with chemically dependent clients? - ✔✔group therapy
harm reduction is a community health strategy designed to reduce the harm of substance
abuse to families, individuals, community, and society - ✔✔denial and rationalization are the
two most common coping styles used for substance abuse
what basic needs take priority when working with chemically dependent clients? -
✔✔nutrition is a priority, alcohol and drug intake has superseded the intake of food for
these clients
what behaviors are expected during withdrawal? - ✔✔in the alcoholic DT's occur 12-36
hours after the last intake of alcohol
select only one nurse to care for an abused child - ✔✔abused children have difficulty
establishing trust, and the child will be less anxious with one consistent caregiver
women who are abused may rationalize the spouse's behavior and unnecessarily accept blame
for his actions. - ✔✔the woman may or may not choose to press charges. be sure to give her
the number of a shelter or help line
it is difficult for an elderly person to admit abuse for fear of being placed in a nursing home or
being abandoned - ✔✔it is imperative to establish a trusting relationship with elderly client
, rape victims are at high risk for PTSD. immediate intervention to diminish distress is vital. -
✔✔the nurse should also assess for and intervene for sequelae such as unwanted
pregnancy, STD's, and HIV
in child abuse, the nurse is responsible for reporting all suspected cases of abuse - ✔✔in
intimate abuse, its the adult's decision and the nurse should be supportive
the basic difference between delirium and dementia is ... - ✔✔delirium is acute and
reversible but dementia is gradual and permanent
confusion in the elderly is often accepted as being part of growing old. - ✔✔however, the
confusion may be caused from dehydration and is usually due to a specific stressor
confabulation is not lying - ✔✔it is used by the client to decrease anxiety and protect the ego
Alzheimer medication - ✔✔you can use atypical antipsychotics. Clozaril is not a front line
agent because of side effects. one may also give mood stabilizers, and antianxiety medications
nursing interventions for confused elderly - ✔✔-maintain client's health and safety
-encourage self care
-reinforce reality orientation
-provide safe, consistent environment
provide a consistent caregiver is priority in planning nursing care for the confused older client -
✔✔change increases anxiety and confusion
children experience depression, which presents as headaches, stomachaches, and other
somatic complaints - ✔✔assess suicide risks, especially in the adolescent
