Important Medication to Know for Pharm Hesi/Final Exam

Warfarin - ANS Drug class: Anticoagulants Indication: To prevent thrombosis without spontaneous bleeding Common Side Effects/Adverse Effects: Hemorrhage (decreased BP, elevated HR, discolored urine or stools, bruises, petechial, hematomas, persistent headche or faintness, pelvic pan, lumbar pain) Should wear medical bracelet **Avoid excessive consumption of alcohol, avoid excessive consumption of foods high in vitamin K Labs: PT-INR(2-3) Contraindications: Pregnancy, vitamin D deficiency, liver disease,alcoholism and puncture. Regional anesthesia. Surgery of the brain or spinal cord. Dabigatran Etexilate - ANS Drug Class: Anticoagulant Indications: to reduce the risk of stroke/systemic embolization associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation Common Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, Angioedema, anaphylaxis Nursing Considerations: -Use aPTT, not INRm to assess anticoagulant therapy. -Monitor renal function(may require lower dose) What assessment findings would place patients at higher risks? -Preexisting condition, renal impairment, surgical procedures Folic Acid - ANS Drug class: B9 vitamin •Indications: anemia and pregnancy •Common Side/ Adverse Effects: slight flushing, feeling of warmth after IV, few side effects •Major Nursing Considerations: history of dietary, alcohol history, do not breast feed, monitor plasma levels •What assessment findings would place patient at high risks? Renal dialysis Furosemide, Torsemide - ANS Drug Class: Loop Diuretic Indications: inhibit reabsorption of sodium (causes sodium and water loss as well as electrolytes mg, k+ and calcium) Common Side Effects/Adverse Effects: Electrolyte Imbalances, orthostatic hypotension Nursing Considerations: Give IV slowly due to ototoxicity, notify provider if output does not increase and have patient stand slowly and carefully. Assessment findings that put patient at high risk: Kidney failure, patients taking digoxin(increases effects of digoxin) Hydrochlorothazide - ANS Drug Class: Thiazide Diuretic Indications: Promotes sodium and water excretion. Causes loss of potassium and magnesium Common Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Hyperglycemia, photosensitivity may raise blood lipid levels. Nursing Considerations: Check blood glucose, information patient about sunblock Assessment finding that would place patient at risk? Renal impairment Thiamine B1 - ANS Drug Class: Water- Soluble Vitamin Indications: Give to people to consume excessive amounts of alcohol, Treats Wernicke-Korsaoff syndrome Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Rarely toxic Nursing Considerations: Give w/ food, Give daily Assessment findings would place patient at high risk? Risk for too much B1(very rare!), Toxicity may occur in renal failure patients Phenytoin - ANS Drug Class: Antiarrhythmics, Anticonvulsants Indications: treatment/prevention of tonic/clonic (grand-mall) medications seizures, complex partial sezures Common Side Effects: Suicidal thoughts, ataxia, diplopia, nystagmus, hypotension, acute hepatic failure, gingival hyperplasia, nausea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal, necrolysis