Summary Kaplan and Sadock's normal sleep and sleep d/o

Kaplan and Sadock's normal sleep and sleep d/o 23.1 Sleep is best described as the integrated product of the following two factors: a. age and health, b. seasonality and photoperiods c. sleep homeostat and the circadian clock d. melatonin peak and temperature nadir e. transition from day to night (dusk) and night to day (dawn) - ANS c. sleep homeostat and the circadian clock 23.2Which of the following is the treatment of choice for patients with obstructive sleep apnea? a. benzos b. theophylline c. uvulopalataoplasty d. weight loss e. nasal continuous positive airway pressure - ANS e. nasal continuous positive airway pressure 23.3 Which of the following is a component of good sleep hygiene? a. arise at the same time daily b. eat larger meals near bedtime c. take daytime naps as needed d. establish physical fitness with exercise in the evening e. all of the above. - ANS a. arise at the same time daily 23.4 sleep latency is defined as a. the period of timie from the onset of sleep until the first sleep spindle b. the period of time from the onset of sleep until the first REM period of the night c. the period of time from turning out the lights until the appearance of stage 2 sleep d. the time of being continuously awake from the last stage of sleep until the end of the sleep record e. none of the above - ANS c. the period of time from turning out the lights until the appearance of stage 2 sleep 23.5 you begin treating a blind woman who presents with difficulty sleeping. this patient is most likely to be experiencing which of the following circadian disturbances? a. no disturbances b. non-24-hr sleep-wake cycle c. delayed sleep phase syndrome d. irregular sleep-wake rhythm e. advanced sleep phase syndrome - ANS b. non-24-hr sleep-wake cycle 23.6 all of the following statements regarding nightmares are true except: a. rem-suppressing drugs can bring about nightmares b. children who have nightmares do not awaken confused c. creative people have been shown to have nightmares more frequently d. massive autonomic signs often accompany nightmares in children e. nightmares occur in up to 50% of children aged 3-6 y. - ANS d. massive autonomic signs often accompany nightmares in children 23.7 An experiment is performed in which sleeping patients are awakened at the beginning of REM cycles. They are then allowed to sleep with repeated interruption. Which of the following will be the result of the experiment? a. increase in REM latency b. more frequent nighttime awakenings c. increase in the number of REM periods d. decrease in the length of REM periods e. no change in sleep patterns - ANS c. increase in the number of REM periods 23.8 A dysfunction in the hypocretin system plays a critical role in which of the following disorders? a. insomnia b. sleepwalking c. restless legs syndrome d. narcolepsy e. sleep paralysis - ANS d. narcolepsy 23.9 Relief of depression has been linked to a. sleep deprivation in the last half of the night b. total sleep deprivation c. selective REM sleep deprivation d. all of the above e. none of the above - ANS d all of the above 23.10 the characteristic four-stage pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) changes from a wakeful state to sleep are: a. regular activity, delta waves at 3-7 cycles a second, sleep spindles and k complexes b. regular activity at 3-7 cycles a second, delta waves, sleep spindles, and k complexes c. regular activity, sleep spindles and k complexes, and delta waves at 3-7 cycles a second