NUR505
Advanced Pathophysiology
LATEST MIDTERMS REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A patient presents with a chronic cough and sputum
production, characteristic of chronic bronchitis. What
pathophysiological change primarily contributes to these
symptoms?
- A) Hyperactivity of the immune response
- B) Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands
- C) Reduction in surfactant production
- D) Decreased alveolar elasticity
Answer: B) Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting
glands
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis involves enlargement and
increased numbers of mucus glands, leading to excessive mucus
production.
2. Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with
cystic fibrosis, affecting the CFTR protein?
- A) Sickle cell mutation
- B) ΔF508 deletion
- C) BRCA1 mutation
- D) MTHFR gene variation
©2024/2025
, Answer: B) ΔF508 deletion
Rationale: The ΔF508 deletion is the most common mutation
causing defects in the CFTR protein, affecting chloride transport.
3. In the context of heart failure, what is the primary effect of
excessive sympathetic nervous system activation?
- A) Increased vasodilation
- B) Decreased preload
- C) Increased afterload
- D) Increased cardiac conduction
Answer: C) Increased afterload
Rationale: Sympathetic activation increases peripheral
vascular resistance, leading to increased afterload on the heart.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in nephrotic
syndrome?
- A) Polyuria
- B) Hematuria
- C) Proteinuria
- D) Neutropenia
©2024/2025
Advanced Pathophysiology
LATEST MIDTERMS REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A patient presents with a chronic cough and sputum
production, characteristic of chronic bronchitis. What
pathophysiological change primarily contributes to these
symptoms?
- A) Hyperactivity of the immune response
- B) Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting glands
- C) Reduction in surfactant production
- D) Decreased alveolar elasticity
Answer: B) Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus-secreting
glands
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis involves enlargement and
increased numbers of mucus glands, leading to excessive mucus
production.
2. Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with
cystic fibrosis, affecting the CFTR protein?
- A) Sickle cell mutation
- B) ΔF508 deletion
- C) BRCA1 mutation
- D) MTHFR gene variation
©2024/2025
, Answer: B) ΔF508 deletion
Rationale: The ΔF508 deletion is the most common mutation
causing defects in the CFTR protein, affecting chloride transport.
3. In the context of heart failure, what is the primary effect of
excessive sympathetic nervous system activation?
- A) Increased vasodilation
- B) Decreased preload
- C) Increased afterload
- D) Increased cardiac conduction
Answer: C) Increased afterload
Rationale: Sympathetic activation increases peripheral
vascular resistance, leading to increased afterload on the heart.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in nephrotic
syndrome?
- A) Polyuria
- B) Hematuria
- C) Proteinuria
- D) Neutropenia
©2024/2025
