NURS2132 Pharmacology Exam
With Complete Solution
traditional medications - Answer produced by pharmaceutical manufacturers
phase 1 clinical trials - Answer small group of healthy individuals - evaluates the drugs
toxological, PK, and pharmacological properties and asses safety in humans
phase 2 clinical trials - Answer Small # of patients who actually have the disease
Purpose: to determine efficacy of the drug and dosage
blood brain barrier characteristics - Answer -does not contain pores
- protects brain from pathogens and toxins
- only lipid soluble drugs can cross
- protects brain from pathogens and toxins
Fetal-placental barrier - Answer -prevents harmful substance from passing to fetus
- permeability of barrier changes during pregnancy
- some drugs can cross (ETOH, coke, caffeine, some Rx)
metabolism - Answer process by which the structure of drugs, nutrient, vitamins and
minerals is altered
phase 3 clinical trials - Answer Large group of patients (sometimes thousands) in
several geographical locations are part of controlled clinical studies
Obtain date concerning drug's effectiveness compared to a control group that receives
a placebo
Advantages of prescription drugs - Answer - Health care provider examines the patient
and orders the proper drug.
-Amount and frequency of drug is controlled.
-patient education on drug, dosing, interactions, adverse effects
advantages to OTC - Answer -high margin of safety, few adverse effects
-self-treat
-convenience
characteristics of an ideal drug - Answer -Effectively treats, prevents, cures patient's
, condition
-rapid onset
-easy to administer
- rapid, predictable response
- rapid elimination
- no adverse effects
- no interactions
- no contraindications
- inexpensive/accessible
therapeutic classification - Answer Method for organizing drugs on the basis of their
clinical usefulness.
pharmacological classification - Answer Method for organizing drugs on the basis of
their mechanism of action.
prototype drug - Answer representative medication of a specific class; sometimes the
oldest in the group or can be the most commonly prescribed
IUPAC - Answer scientific name that describes chemical structure of a drug
Generic - Answer adopted by regulatory agencies to describe active ingredient
Trade name - Answer proprietary name used by the company that produces a drug
schedule 1 drugs - Answer - by prescription only
-drugs with high potential for abuse: controlled and narcotics
schedule 2 drugs - Answer available from pharmacist; must be kept in area with no
public access
schedule 3 drugs - Answer available via open access in a pharmacy (OTC)
unscheduled - Answer can be sold in any store without professional supervision
psychological dependence - Answer a psychological need to use a drug
physical dependance - Answer nervous system changes in response to the presence of
drug
pharmacokinetics - Answer what the body does to the drug
four process of pharmacokinetics - Answer absorption, distribution, metabolism,
With Complete Solution
traditional medications - Answer produced by pharmaceutical manufacturers
phase 1 clinical trials - Answer small group of healthy individuals - evaluates the drugs
toxological, PK, and pharmacological properties and asses safety in humans
phase 2 clinical trials - Answer Small # of patients who actually have the disease
Purpose: to determine efficacy of the drug and dosage
blood brain barrier characteristics - Answer -does not contain pores
- protects brain from pathogens and toxins
- only lipid soluble drugs can cross
- protects brain from pathogens and toxins
Fetal-placental barrier - Answer -prevents harmful substance from passing to fetus
- permeability of barrier changes during pregnancy
- some drugs can cross (ETOH, coke, caffeine, some Rx)
metabolism - Answer process by which the structure of drugs, nutrient, vitamins and
minerals is altered
phase 3 clinical trials - Answer Large group of patients (sometimes thousands) in
several geographical locations are part of controlled clinical studies
Obtain date concerning drug's effectiveness compared to a control group that receives
a placebo
Advantages of prescription drugs - Answer - Health care provider examines the patient
and orders the proper drug.
-Amount and frequency of drug is controlled.
-patient education on drug, dosing, interactions, adverse effects
advantages to OTC - Answer -high margin of safety, few adverse effects
-self-treat
-convenience
characteristics of an ideal drug - Answer -Effectively treats, prevents, cures patient's
, condition
-rapid onset
-easy to administer
- rapid, predictable response
- rapid elimination
- no adverse effects
- no interactions
- no contraindications
- inexpensive/accessible
therapeutic classification - Answer Method for organizing drugs on the basis of their
clinical usefulness.
pharmacological classification - Answer Method for organizing drugs on the basis of
their mechanism of action.
prototype drug - Answer representative medication of a specific class; sometimes the
oldest in the group or can be the most commonly prescribed
IUPAC - Answer scientific name that describes chemical structure of a drug
Generic - Answer adopted by regulatory agencies to describe active ingredient
Trade name - Answer proprietary name used by the company that produces a drug
schedule 1 drugs - Answer - by prescription only
-drugs with high potential for abuse: controlled and narcotics
schedule 2 drugs - Answer available from pharmacist; must be kept in area with no
public access
schedule 3 drugs - Answer available via open access in a pharmacy (OTC)
unscheduled - Answer can be sold in any store without professional supervision
psychological dependence - Answer a psychological need to use a drug
physical dependance - Answer nervous system changes in response to the presence of
drug
pharmacokinetics - Answer what the body does to the drug
four process of pharmacokinetics - Answer absorption, distribution, metabolism,
