Social Influence psychology Exam With Correct Answers!!
What is social influence? - ANSWER When the emotions ,opinions or behavior of a
person is influenced by others. It can be viewed in the community through socialization,
peer pressure, obedience to leaders, and persuasion.
Conformity- ANSWER A change in behavior or belief resulting from real or imagined
group pressure. It may have a positive or negative effect on society.
3 Types of Conformity - ANSWER - Compliance - Concealing our true thoughts and
pretending to share others views, in order to fit in.
- Identification - Valuing the views held by a group and changing it to fit in with them, but
keeping own thoughts in other situations.
- Internalization - Changing the way of thinking permanently.
Compliance - ANSWER Superficial, identification is stronger, but compliance still may
only affect one aspect of life and not others. Internalisation is a strong and permanent
change.
Normative Social Influence - ANSWER People change their behaviour to fit in.
Informative Social Influence - ANSWER People change their behaviour out of desire to
be right, they conform because they think others have better information and therefore
must be right.
Social Identity Theory - ANSWER Our self image is made up of.
Personal Identity- Personal characteristics and attributes that make us unique.
Social Identity - A sense of who we are derived by the group we belong to.
, Ingroups - ANSWER People like us, we discriminate positively towards Ingroups.
Outgroups - ANSWER People unlike us, we discriminate negatively towards Outgroups.
Asch's Study - ANSWER A study into how people conform in society. Participants asked
which line matches x the best. Confederates given the wrong answer and naïve
participants are asked to give their own answer. In the study Asch had more
confederates than naïve participants so he could observe if people would conformance
to the confederates. 1/3 of people conformed and 75% conformed in 1 or more question.
This suggests that about 1/3 of the people in society comply with others in social
situations and 2/3 resist conformity.
Asch's Study Review - ANSWER The results Asch found had many problem such as, all
the participants were male and the same age, the setting in which he did it in was
unnatural and so was the task the participants were asked to carry out. Although during
some of the experiments the confederates answered correctly, so not to draw
suspicion.
Asch's Factors Group size - Asch reduced and increased the number of confederates.
Task Difficulty - Asch increased the task difficulty.
Non- Unanimous - Some confederates gave the same answer as test subjects.
Lone Dissenter - One confederate disagrees with the majority but still give the wrong
answer.
Stanford Prison Experiment - ANSWER To examine the impact of social roles on
behavior. 21 male undergraduates were randomly assigned either the roles of guard or
prisoner. Zimbardo had 11 prisoners and 10 guards. The prisoners were arrested to
make the experience more realistic by local officers and treated like criminals. They
were assigned a number and they were bound at one ankle. The guards were given
uniforms, reflective sunglasses, handcuffs and keys. Zimbardo's experiment was
supposed to last 2 weeks but the guards began to show increasingly sadistic behavior,
such as taunting, punishing, and assigning unpleasant tasks, such as cleaning the
toilets out with their bare hands. So the experiment was stopped after 6 days. The roles
assigned to participants were responsible for drastic changes in behavior and caused
discrimination towards the outgroups, the prisoners were dehumanized.
What is social influence? - ANSWER When the emotions ,opinions or behavior of a
person is influenced by others. It can be viewed in the community through socialization,
peer pressure, obedience to leaders, and persuasion.
Conformity- ANSWER A change in behavior or belief resulting from real or imagined
group pressure. It may have a positive or negative effect on society.
3 Types of Conformity - ANSWER - Compliance - Concealing our true thoughts and
pretending to share others views, in order to fit in.
- Identification - Valuing the views held by a group and changing it to fit in with them, but
keeping own thoughts in other situations.
- Internalization - Changing the way of thinking permanently.
Compliance - ANSWER Superficial, identification is stronger, but compliance still may
only affect one aspect of life and not others. Internalisation is a strong and permanent
change.
Normative Social Influence - ANSWER People change their behaviour to fit in.
Informative Social Influence - ANSWER People change their behaviour out of desire to
be right, they conform because they think others have better information and therefore
must be right.
Social Identity Theory - ANSWER Our self image is made up of.
Personal Identity- Personal characteristics and attributes that make us unique.
Social Identity - A sense of who we are derived by the group we belong to.
, Ingroups - ANSWER People like us, we discriminate positively towards Ingroups.
Outgroups - ANSWER People unlike us, we discriminate negatively towards Outgroups.
Asch's Study - ANSWER A study into how people conform in society. Participants asked
which line matches x the best. Confederates given the wrong answer and naïve
participants are asked to give their own answer. In the study Asch had more
confederates than naïve participants so he could observe if people would conformance
to the confederates. 1/3 of people conformed and 75% conformed in 1 or more question.
This suggests that about 1/3 of the people in society comply with others in social
situations and 2/3 resist conformity.
Asch's Study Review - ANSWER The results Asch found had many problem such as, all
the participants were male and the same age, the setting in which he did it in was
unnatural and so was the task the participants were asked to carry out. Although during
some of the experiments the confederates answered correctly, so not to draw
suspicion.
Asch's Factors Group size - Asch reduced and increased the number of confederates.
Task Difficulty - Asch increased the task difficulty.
Non- Unanimous - Some confederates gave the same answer as test subjects.
Lone Dissenter - One confederate disagrees with the majority but still give the wrong
answer.
Stanford Prison Experiment - ANSWER To examine the impact of social roles on
behavior. 21 male undergraduates were randomly assigned either the roles of guard or
prisoner. Zimbardo had 11 prisoners and 10 guards. The prisoners were arrested to
make the experience more realistic by local officers and treated like criminals. They
were assigned a number and they were bound at one ankle. The guards were given
uniforms, reflective sunglasses, handcuffs and keys. Zimbardo's experiment was
supposed to last 2 weeks but the guards began to show increasingly sadistic behavior,
such as taunting, punishing, and assigning unpleasant tasks, such as cleaning the
toilets out with their bare hands. So the experiment was stopped after 6 days. The roles
assigned to participants were responsible for drastic changes in behavior and caused
discrimination towards the outgroups, the prisoners were dehumanized.
