SHP 509 – CHAPTER 9 CONTROLS TO
REDUCE THREATS TO THE VALIDITY
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the major purpose of controls in research? - ANSWER To counteract
threats to validity
Which of the following is an appropriate control for situations in which there
may be questions of objectivity in making observations? - ANSWER Use
several observers to record participants' responses.
What is the major reason for careful participant selection? - ANSWER It
enhances external validity
Experimenter effects - ANSWER Arise from the experimenter's detailed
knowledge of the experiment
What kind of validity is threatened when we cannot generalize results of a
study? - ANSWER External validity
What is the most common control for possible subject effects? - ANSWER
Deception
What term is used for a sample drawn from an accessible population? -
ANSWER ad hoc sample
, To which of the following does the term "confounding" apply? - ANSWER
Internal and construct validity
The double-blind control procedure consists of - ANSWER both the
experimenter and the participants being blind to the assignment of each
participant.
Placebos are used frequently in drug studies in order to - ANSWER facilitate
double-blind procedures
The careful construction of settings is - ANSWER a general control procedure
Which of the following procedures raises ethical issues about denial of
treatment to some participants? - ANSWER Use of placebos
Being able to eliminate many variables is a major advantage of - ANSWER
experimental research
Marlatt's balanced placebo design employs a type of - ANSWER deception
The larger population in which we are ultimately interested is called the -
ANSWER target population
Extremely high control in laboratory settings - ANSWER may lead to
diminished external validity
REDUCE THREATS TO THE VALIDITY
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the major purpose of controls in research? - ANSWER To counteract
threats to validity
Which of the following is an appropriate control for situations in which there
may be questions of objectivity in making observations? - ANSWER Use
several observers to record participants' responses.
What is the major reason for careful participant selection? - ANSWER It
enhances external validity
Experimenter effects - ANSWER Arise from the experimenter's detailed
knowledge of the experiment
What kind of validity is threatened when we cannot generalize results of a
study? - ANSWER External validity
What is the most common control for possible subject effects? - ANSWER
Deception
What term is used for a sample drawn from an accessible population? -
ANSWER ad hoc sample
, To which of the following does the term "confounding" apply? - ANSWER
Internal and construct validity
The double-blind control procedure consists of - ANSWER both the
experimenter and the participants being blind to the assignment of each
participant.
Placebos are used frequently in drug studies in order to - ANSWER facilitate
double-blind procedures
The careful construction of settings is - ANSWER a general control procedure
Which of the following procedures raises ethical issues about denial of
treatment to some participants? - ANSWER Use of placebos
Being able to eliminate many variables is a major advantage of - ANSWER
experimental research
Marlatt's balanced placebo design employs a type of - ANSWER deception
The larger population in which we are ultimately interested is called the -
ANSWER target population
Extremely high control in laboratory settings - ANSWER may lead to
diminished external validity
