PSYCHOLOGY 321- MIDTERM #1 questions with
correct answers
Who are the fathers of psychology? Correct Answer-Walter Scott-
applied psychology to advertising
Hugo Munsterberg- Father of I/O psychology
Frederick Taylor- Father of scientific managment
What is the "I" and "O" side in charge of? Correct Answer-*The "I"
side*
Personnel selection
HR
*The "O" side*
Leadership
Change management
Attitude
What is Theory X and Theory Y? Correct Answer-Theory X-Employers
believe that employees are
Distrusting
Basically lazy
Low (interest)
Work when pushed
,Theory Y
Modern approach
Learned that we can trust employees
They tend to work hard when they're recognized for the good work they
complete
What are the Hawthorne studies/effect? Correct Answer-Any change can
result in a reciprocation of productivity for a certain amount of time
(until they get used to the new state), Hawthorne study convinced
companies that giving workers breaks was beneficial.
What are examples of I/O getting more attention? Correct Answer-I/O
became significant in WW2 and has been popular ever since
Pilot Selection-Tests to see the effectiveness of most pilots to have less
deaths (because the pilots will be either well trained, or weeded through
to the bad pilots don't fly)
Stress Studies-Tests human abilities and how much stress can be placed
on the soldiers without incidents
Why conduct research in organizations? Correct Answer-1. Gain better
understanding of human behaviour
2. Improve the well being of employees and managers
3. Understand and improve management process
4. Apply psychological knowledge to specific organizational problems.
,What is test validity? Correct Answer-The legitimacy or correctness of
the inferences that are drawn from a set of measurements or other
specified procedures
What is internal validity? Correct Answer-Internal validity refers to how
well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding
(more than one possible independent variable [cause] acting at the same
time). The less chance for confounding in a study, the higher its internal
validity is
What is external validity? Correct Answer-The extent to which the
results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other
people.
What is the empirical research cycle? Correct Answer-Statement of the
problem- design of research study- measurement of variables- analysis
of data- conclusion from research
People oriented leadership style Correct Answer-People oriented
leadership style inspires employees to meet an organization's goals by
helping them feel better about their work and stay positive about their
careers. It helps develop organizational commitment.
What is the Organizational Commitment Scale? Correct Answer-A test
questioning employees how committed they are to their jobs
Strongly disagree= 1
, Strongly agree= 7
What are threats to internal validity? Correct Answer-1. Maturation
effects
Changes in the individuals over time that would have occurred naturally
(example. workers get older and older workers are more committed than
younger workers)
2. History effects
- Changes in the environment outside of the study that could produce
changes in the variable under study (example.company announces pay
raise after training program goes into effect)
3. Selection effects
- biased selection of who gets the treatment (example. only those
departments where high turnover is occurring get training)
4. Mortality Effects
- Those leaving the study before T2 are systematically different from
those that remain (example. less committed individuals leave before T2)
What are other organizational research issues? Correct Answer-1.
Common method variance
2. Retrospective Bias
3. Halo errors
4. Central Tendency
5. Single items vs Scales
6. Improper naming variables
correct answers
Who are the fathers of psychology? Correct Answer-Walter Scott-
applied psychology to advertising
Hugo Munsterberg- Father of I/O psychology
Frederick Taylor- Father of scientific managment
What is the "I" and "O" side in charge of? Correct Answer-*The "I"
side*
Personnel selection
HR
*The "O" side*
Leadership
Change management
Attitude
What is Theory X and Theory Y? Correct Answer-Theory X-Employers
believe that employees are
Distrusting
Basically lazy
Low (interest)
Work when pushed
,Theory Y
Modern approach
Learned that we can trust employees
They tend to work hard when they're recognized for the good work they
complete
What are the Hawthorne studies/effect? Correct Answer-Any change can
result in a reciprocation of productivity for a certain amount of time
(until they get used to the new state), Hawthorne study convinced
companies that giving workers breaks was beneficial.
What are examples of I/O getting more attention? Correct Answer-I/O
became significant in WW2 and has been popular ever since
Pilot Selection-Tests to see the effectiveness of most pilots to have less
deaths (because the pilots will be either well trained, or weeded through
to the bad pilots don't fly)
Stress Studies-Tests human abilities and how much stress can be placed
on the soldiers without incidents
Why conduct research in organizations? Correct Answer-1. Gain better
understanding of human behaviour
2. Improve the well being of employees and managers
3. Understand and improve management process
4. Apply psychological knowledge to specific organizational problems.
,What is test validity? Correct Answer-The legitimacy or correctness of
the inferences that are drawn from a set of measurements or other
specified procedures
What is internal validity? Correct Answer-Internal validity refers to how
well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding
(more than one possible independent variable [cause] acting at the same
time). The less chance for confounding in a study, the higher its internal
validity is
What is external validity? Correct Answer-The extent to which the
results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other
people.
What is the empirical research cycle? Correct Answer-Statement of the
problem- design of research study- measurement of variables- analysis
of data- conclusion from research
People oriented leadership style Correct Answer-People oriented
leadership style inspires employees to meet an organization's goals by
helping them feel better about their work and stay positive about their
careers. It helps develop organizational commitment.
What is the Organizational Commitment Scale? Correct Answer-A test
questioning employees how committed they are to their jobs
Strongly disagree= 1
, Strongly agree= 7
What are threats to internal validity? Correct Answer-1. Maturation
effects
Changes in the individuals over time that would have occurred naturally
(example. workers get older and older workers are more committed than
younger workers)
2. History effects
- Changes in the environment outside of the study that could produce
changes in the variable under study (example.company announces pay
raise after training program goes into effect)
3. Selection effects
- biased selection of who gets the treatment (example. only those
departments where high turnover is occurring get training)
4. Mortality Effects
- Those leaving the study before T2 are systematically different from
those that remain (example. less committed individuals leave before T2)
What are other organizational research issues? Correct Answer-1.
Common method variance
2. Retrospective Bias
3. Halo errors
4. Central Tendency
5. Single items vs Scales
6. Improper naming variables
