Master Fitness( Muscle Physiology) Guaranteed A+

Master Fitness( Muscle Physiology) Guaranteed A+ definition ️️Muscle physiology is the study of muscle function. 3 major muscle types ️️Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth cardiac muscle ️️Cardiac muscle is self-stimulating, in that it works without conscious thought. Cardiac muscle surrounds the heart, contracting with every beat. It has properties of skeletal muscle in that it will improve in size, thickness and strength with training. The stronger the heart muscle, the more blood containing oxygen and nutrients may be sent to the body for energy. We will discuss the structure and function of the heart during the period of instruction on the Oxygen Transport System or OTS. Skeletal muscle ️️Skeletal muscle is voluntary in that we can control the stimulation to contract this type of muscle. Skeletal muscles attach to bones and provide movement and stability. Most of our discussion about the muscular system in this course will pertain to training skeletal muscle for improved physical performance. Smooth muscle ️️Smooth muscle is involuntary in its ability to stimulate itself to contract. Smooth muscle is found in the lining of the intestines and the vascular system. Smooth muscle works on its own, without conscious thought. You don't have to think about digestion or blood flow to make it happen. Smooth muscle contracts, providing movement of food through the intestines and blood vessel expansion and constriction. Muscle structure ️️Tendons attach whole skeletal muscles to bones. Whole skeletal muscles consists of bundles of fasciculi (bundles of fibers). Each fiber (muscle cell) contains many sarcomeres. A sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle consisting of the myofiliments: actin, myosin and troponin. Connective tissue covers the outside of the entire muscle (epimysium), bundles of muscle (perimysium) and myofibrils or fasciculi (endomysium) that bundle the individual fibers. All the structures and chemicals necessary for a muscle to contract are present in each sarcomere. Within the muscle cell, the sarcomere is the smallest functional unit. It consists of Actin, Myosin and Troponin. Epimysium ️️surrounds the whole skeletal muscle. Perimysium ️️surrounds muscle bundles (fasciculi). Endomysium ️️surrounds each muscle fiber (cell). Actin ️️backbone of the filament with binding sites for myosin Myosin ️️two protein strands twisted together with a globular head for attachment to actin Troponin ️️protein that twists around actin; works with calcium to maintain relaxation or initiate contraction Sliding Filament Theory ️️Describes a process used by muscles to contract. It is a cycle of repetitive events that cause a thin filament to slide over a thick filament and generate tension in the muscle. slow twitch fiber ️️contract slow, fatigue slower Slow Oxidative (SO) fibers are recruited to walk or jog. They have a rich capillary supply (where blood containing oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and water) and well supplied with internal chemistry required for long-duration endurance activities. fast twitch fibe ️️contract fast, fatigue fast Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG) fibers are used to run and Fast Glycolytic (FG) fibers to sprint. When the nervous system commands a motor unit to contract, all fibers respond together. In fact, the way the nervous system uses muscle fibers (for short, intense effort or long-duration effort) seems to indicate their characteristics. Type one slow twitch ️️Slow Twitch (Slow Oxidative/SO) fibers have a small neuron size, slow conduction of velocity, slow contractile speed and low motor unit force. They have high oxidative capacity, high fatigue resistance and contribute to aerobic performance. type 2a fast twitch ️️•Large neuron size, fast conduction velocity, fast contractile speed and high motor unit force •Moderately high oxidative capacity, high glycolyic capacity, moderate fatigue resistance, contributes to aerobic performance at high intensity and moderate/intermittent duration type 2b fast twitch ️️•Large neuron size, fast conduction velocity, fast contractile speed and high motor unit force •Low oxidative capacity, high glycolyic capacity, low fatigue resistance, contributes to anaerobic performance at high intensity and short duration _____ helps develop motor patterns and muscle memory, helping to make skillful movement a habit and automatic. ️️practice Functional skeletal muscle ️️The more than 215 pairs of skeletal muscles in the body vary widely in size, shape and use. Every coordinated movement requires the application of muscle force. This is accomplished by agonists, antagonists and synergists. agonists ️️are prime movers that provide movement. In this example, our agonist is the bicep causing the elbow to bend. Antagonists ️️muscles that can oppose the movement of another muscle, but usually relax in order to allow the movement to occur. The tricep relaxes to allow the bicep to flex the elbow. If the tricep contracted it would prevent the bicep fro