JMU BIO 150 QUESTION AND
ANSWERS CORRECTLY SOLVED (18
PGS)
What are the characteristics unique to eukaryotes? - correct answer ✔-larger
cell size
-cytoskeleton and inner membrane system
-organelles
-nucleus and linear dna
-sexual reproduction
-multicellularity
What are characteristics of simple multicellularity? - correct answer ✔-
comprised of similar cells with little interdependence
-most cells are in contact with environment
-each cell can perform all the cellular functions needed to survive and
reproduce
What are characteristics of complex multicellularity? - correct answer ✔-
different functions that depend on each other to survive
-specialize cells carry out specific functions
-cannot survive independently
What are the main advantages of multicullularity? - correct answer ✔-
multicellular organisms are bigger
-multicellular organism usually demonstrate cell differentiation, which allows
for specialized cells that perform specialized functions
,What are issues with complex multicellularity? - correct answer ✔-cell
coordination
-cell specialization
-nutrients/waste
What adaptations are used for cell coordination? - correct answer ✔-
adhesion between cells
-communication between cells
-genetic programming cell differentiation
What adaptations are used for cell specialization? - correct answer ✔genetic
programming cell differentiation
What adaptations are used for nutrients and waste in complex multicellularity?
- correct answer ✔internal transport of nutrients and wastes to and from
each cell (bulk flow)
Animals use what type of communication between cells? - correct answer
✔gap junctions
Plants cells use what type of cell communication? - correct answer
✔plasmodesmata
What are the levels of cell differentiation? - correct answer ✔-zygote
-differentiation occurs
-tissues
-organs
-organ systems
, Define bulk flow - correct answer ✔any means by which molecules move
through organisms at rates beyond those possible by diffusion across a
gradient
Define xylem - correct answer ✔the vascular tissue in plants that conducts
water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the
woody element in the stem.
Define phloem - correct answer ✔the vascular tissue in plants that conducts
sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
In what order did complex multicellularity characteristics evolve? - correct
answer ✔adhesion -> inter-cell communication -> bulk flow
What enabled huge species diversification? - correct answer ✔bulk flow
Why was oxygen so important to the evolution of complex multicellularity? -
correct answer ✔aerobic cellular respiration produces tons of energy in
comparison to other metabolic reactions
Define constitutive responses - correct answer ✔always present, typically an
adaptive response to consistent selective pressures
What is an example of constitutive responses? - correct answer ✔spines on
a plant dye to herbivory
Define inducible response - correct answer ✔short-term or reversible
response activated by environmental stimuli
ANSWERS CORRECTLY SOLVED (18
PGS)
What are the characteristics unique to eukaryotes? - correct answer ✔-larger
cell size
-cytoskeleton and inner membrane system
-organelles
-nucleus and linear dna
-sexual reproduction
-multicellularity
What are characteristics of simple multicellularity? - correct answer ✔-
comprised of similar cells with little interdependence
-most cells are in contact with environment
-each cell can perform all the cellular functions needed to survive and
reproduce
What are characteristics of complex multicellularity? - correct answer ✔-
different functions that depend on each other to survive
-specialize cells carry out specific functions
-cannot survive independently
What are the main advantages of multicullularity? - correct answer ✔-
multicellular organisms are bigger
-multicellular organism usually demonstrate cell differentiation, which allows
for specialized cells that perform specialized functions
,What are issues with complex multicellularity? - correct answer ✔-cell
coordination
-cell specialization
-nutrients/waste
What adaptations are used for cell coordination? - correct answer ✔-
adhesion between cells
-communication between cells
-genetic programming cell differentiation
What adaptations are used for cell specialization? - correct answer ✔genetic
programming cell differentiation
What adaptations are used for nutrients and waste in complex multicellularity?
- correct answer ✔internal transport of nutrients and wastes to and from
each cell (bulk flow)
Animals use what type of communication between cells? - correct answer
✔gap junctions
Plants cells use what type of cell communication? - correct answer
✔plasmodesmata
What are the levels of cell differentiation? - correct answer ✔-zygote
-differentiation occurs
-tissues
-organs
-organ systems
, Define bulk flow - correct answer ✔any means by which molecules move
through organisms at rates beyond those possible by diffusion across a
gradient
Define xylem - correct answer ✔the vascular tissue in plants that conducts
water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the
woody element in the stem.
Define phloem - correct answer ✔the vascular tissue in plants that conducts
sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
In what order did complex multicellularity characteristics evolve? - correct
answer ✔adhesion -> inter-cell communication -> bulk flow
What enabled huge species diversification? - correct answer ✔bulk flow
Why was oxygen so important to the evolution of complex multicellularity? -
correct answer ✔aerobic cellular respiration produces tons of energy in
comparison to other metabolic reactions
Define constitutive responses - correct answer ✔always present, typically an
adaptive response to consistent selective pressures
What is an example of constitutive responses? - correct answer ✔spines on
a plant dye to herbivory
Define inducible response - correct answer ✔short-term or reversible
response activated by environmental stimuli
