Bio 150 Exam 1 - UTK Mamantov
Question and answers already passed
(31 pgs)
Describe the nature of science - correct answer ✔Scientific ideas change
over time as new info is discovered.
Differentiate between questions that can be answered through the scientific
process and those that cannot - correct answer ✔Questions can be
answered when they can be observed or measured by collecting data.
Questions cannot be answered if they cannot be observed or measured.
Define a theory in the scientific sense - correct answer ✔Explanations for
observed phenomena that is supported by a wide body of evidence.
Compare and contrast scientific theories and hypotheses - correct answer
✔A hypothesis is made before any research has been conducted, while a
theory is a principle formed based on the research done and shown in data.
Identify and explain the steps in the scientific method. - correct answer
✔First step is observation. This is essentially where you observe a certain
thing occurring.
The next step is doing research about the topic you observed in order to gain
an understanding of what is already known about the question.
Then you will form a hypothesis based on the limited evidence you have to
make a starting point for further investigation. The hypothesis should be
precise and testable using data.
The next step would be to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis in
order to collect data.
Then with that data, you must analyze it and see what the results mean.
,The final step would be to report conclusions based on the results and then
the process would start all over again.
Describe the purpose of a null hypothesis - correct answer ✔The purpose of
the null hypothesis is to see if the test is supported or not (null hypothesis
states that there will be no difference, effect, or relationship between the
variables).
How is the scientific method different from the scientific process? - correct
answer ✔There is no order for the scientific process as scientists tend to go
back and forth while in the scientific method it is a step by step method
scientists need to follow.
Explain why data supports or rejects hypotheses, not "proves" them - correct
answer ✔Data supports or rejects a hypothesis because you can never really
prove a hypothesis correct, you can only run tests to support the hypothesis.
There can always be some scenario in which a hypothesis is incorrect.
Describe a control group - correct answer ✔It is the group that is left
unchanged in an experiment. It is important because they provide baseline
measurements.
what kind of variables are of the x-axis? - correct answer ✔independent
variables
what kind of variables are of the y-axis? - correct answer ✔dependent
variables
What is DNA? - correct answer ✔Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores
genetic information. DNA is a type of nucleic acid. It is a polymer made up of
monomers called nucleotides.
,Describe the structure of DNA - correct answer ✔DNA is a double helix in
which the backbone is made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and
phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A),
cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are connected by
hydrogen bonds between
these bases. The sequence of the bases along DNA's backbone encodes
biological information, such as the instructions for making a protein or RNA
molecule.
What is the primary structure of DNA? - correct answer ✔The primary
structure of DNA is a directional sugar-phosphate backbone.
What is the secondary structure of DNA? - correct answer ✔The secondary
structure of DNA is an antiparallel double helix.
Explain the key results of the Hershey-Chase experiment - correct answer
✔They wanted to figure out whether genes were made of DNA or proteins.
They found out that DNA was present (no proteins). DNA contains all the
information for life's complexity.
What is complementary base pairing and how does it influence the structure
of DNA? - correct answer ✔A+T and C+G. It determines how the double
helix is formed.
Explain how DNA is directional based on its structure. - correct answer
✔Monomers connect to create polymers that makeup the backbone of the
sugar-phosphate connection. Those connections occur when the 3 prime
carbon atom connect with the phosphate group through the process of
condensation ending in the linkage of the 2 monomers and creating a
phosphodiester linkage. This link makes up DNA's backbone and creates
directionality and develops structure.
, Which end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added to? - correct answer
✔3'
Why are nucleotides added to 3' end? - correct answer ✔The
phosphodiester linkages can be created and can't be attached to nucleotides
to phosphate by themself.
Which direction are nucleotides added? - correct answer ✔5' to 3'
Which molecules make up a DNA molecule? - correct answer ✔A nitrogen-
containing region known as a nitrogenous base, a carbon-based sugar
molecule called deoxyribose, and a phosphorus-containing region known as a
phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule.
What types of bonds help DNA maintain its structure? - correct answer
✔Covalent bonds are made to connect the bases, sugar, and phosphate
groups together. Hydrogen bonds connect the complementary bases together
(A+T and G+C).
What is semi-conservative replication? - correct answer ✔Semiconservative
replication refers to how new strands of DNA have one strand of new DNA
and one strand of parental DNA.
What enzyme is responsible for adding new base pairs to the DNA molecule?
- correct answer ✔DNA Polymerase
Explain the process of transcription - correct answer ✔This is the process of
turning DNA into RNA. When you are given the DNA strand, find the matching
nucleotides (bases) that compose the RNA strand. Remember, for RNA, C=G
and A=U.
Question and answers already passed
(31 pgs)
Describe the nature of science - correct answer ✔Scientific ideas change
over time as new info is discovered.
Differentiate between questions that can be answered through the scientific
process and those that cannot - correct answer ✔Questions can be
answered when they can be observed or measured by collecting data.
Questions cannot be answered if they cannot be observed or measured.
Define a theory in the scientific sense - correct answer ✔Explanations for
observed phenomena that is supported by a wide body of evidence.
Compare and contrast scientific theories and hypotheses - correct answer
✔A hypothesis is made before any research has been conducted, while a
theory is a principle formed based on the research done and shown in data.
Identify and explain the steps in the scientific method. - correct answer
✔First step is observation. This is essentially where you observe a certain
thing occurring.
The next step is doing research about the topic you observed in order to gain
an understanding of what is already known about the question.
Then you will form a hypothesis based on the limited evidence you have to
make a starting point for further investigation. The hypothesis should be
precise and testable using data.
The next step would be to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis in
order to collect data.
Then with that data, you must analyze it and see what the results mean.
,The final step would be to report conclusions based on the results and then
the process would start all over again.
Describe the purpose of a null hypothesis - correct answer ✔The purpose of
the null hypothesis is to see if the test is supported or not (null hypothesis
states that there will be no difference, effect, or relationship between the
variables).
How is the scientific method different from the scientific process? - correct
answer ✔There is no order for the scientific process as scientists tend to go
back and forth while in the scientific method it is a step by step method
scientists need to follow.
Explain why data supports or rejects hypotheses, not "proves" them - correct
answer ✔Data supports or rejects a hypothesis because you can never really
prove a hypothesis correct, you can only run tests to support the hypothesis.
There can always be some scenario in which a hypothesis is incorrect.
Describe a control group - correct answer ✔It is the group that is left
unchanged in an experiment. It is important because they provide baseline
measurements.
what kind of variables are of the x-axis? - correct answer ✔independent
variables
what kind of variables are of the y-axis? - correct answer ✔dependent
variables
What is DNA? - correct answer ✔Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores
genetic information. DNA is a type of nucleic acid. It is a polymer made up of
monomers called nucleotides.
,Describe the structure of DNA - correct answer ✔DNA is a double helix in
which the backbone is made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and
phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A),
cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are connected by
hydrogen bonds between
these bases. The sequence of the bases along DNA's backbone encodes
biological information, such as the instructions for making a protein or RNA
molecule.
What is the primary structure of DNA? - correct answer ✔The primary
structure of DNA is a directional sugar-phosphate backbone.
What is the secondary structure of DNA? - correct answer ✔The secondary
structure of DNA is an antiparallel double helix.
Explain the key results of the Hershey-Chase experiment - correct answer
✔They wanted to figure out whether genes were made of DNA or proteins.
They found out that DNA was present (no proteins). DNA contains all the
information for life's complexity.
What is complementary base pairing and how does it influence the structure
of DNA? - correct answer ✔A+T and C+G. It determines how the double
helix is formed.
Explain how DNA is directional based on its structure. - correct answer
✔Monomers connect to create polymers that makeup the backbone of the
sugar-phosphate connection. Those connections occur when the 3 prime
carbon atom connect with the phosphate group through the process of
condensation ending in the linkage of the 2 monomers and creating a
phosphodiester linkage. This link makes up DNA's backbone and creates
directionality and develops structure.
, Which end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added to? - correct answer
✔3'
Why are nucleotides added to 3' end? - correct answer ✔The
phosphodiester linkages can be created and can't be attached to nucleotides
to phosphate by themself.
Which direction are nucleotides added? - correct answer ✔5' to 3'
Which molecules make up a DNA molecule? - correct answer ✔A nitrogen-
containing region known as a nitrogenous base, a carbon-based sugar
molecule called deoxyribose, and a phosphorus-containing region known as a
phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule.
What types of bonds help DNA maintain its structure? - correct answer
✔Covalent bonds are made to connect the bases, sugar, and phosphate
groups together. Hydrogen bonds connect the complementary bases together
(A+T and G+C).
What is semi-conservative replication? - correct answer ✔Semiconservative
replication refers to how new strands of DNA have one strand of new DNA
and one strand of parental DNA.
What enzyme is responsible for adding new base pairs to the DNA molecule?
- correct answer ✔DNA Polymerase
Explain the process of transcription - correct answer ✔This is the process of
turning DNA into RNA. When you are given the DNA strand, find the matching
nucleotides (bases) that compose the RNA strand. Remember, for RNA, C=G
and A=U.
