BIO 150 EXAM 1 Question and answers
rated A+ (10 pgs)
The cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a __________ - correct answer
✔nucleus
In general, the term ____________ is used to describe disease causing
agents. - correct answer ✔pathogen
Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called - correct answer ✔bacilli
The theory that states that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose from
prokaryotes that lived within other is the __________ theory. - correct answer
✔endosymbiotic
What is science? How is it different from other ways of learning/knowing
things about the world (religion, philosophy, etc.) - correct answer ✔Science,
religion and philosophy are all ways of answering the big questions in the
world, and use reason, logic, and evidence to some extent. Science is specific
in that it needs to be objective, measurable evidence to support its
conclusions. Just because it is not science doesn't mean you cant believe it, it
just isn't the scientific answer to the question.
List Koch's postulates and describe what they do. - correct answer ✔Koch's
postulates are the ways to know what bacteria is causing a disease. The
bacteria must be absent from healthy animals, you must collect it from the
infected animal and grow it in a culture. You must then be able to infect a
healthy animal with the bacteria grown in the culture and they must show the
same symptoms as the first. Then you must remove the bacteria from the
newly infected animal and grow it in another culture and it must be the same
bacteria found in the first infected animal.
, What is spontaneous generation and how does it relate to Pasteur's
experiment? - correct answer ✔Spontaneous generation was originally
presented by Aristotle that life could come from nonliving things. An example
is maggots arising from dead flesh. Pasteurs experiment disproved this.
Pasteur sterilized broth by boiling it and putting it in a flak with a swan neck so
only air could get to the broth, no dust or microbes. The broth remained
sterile. When Pasteur allowed dust and air to get to the broth the broth
became cloudy with bacteria. This proved that bacteria can travel through the
air on dust particles and therefore disproved the theory of spontaneity.
List the three domains of life and state a unique characteristic of each. -
correct answer ✔The three domains are archaea, bacteria and eukarya.
Archaea was originally considered bacteria as well under the kingdom
Monera. Archaea has now shown that it has a different chemical make up
than that of bacteria. Archaea has a cell wall made of ether lipids, lives in
extreme environments, are unicellular, has no nucleus or other membrane
bound organelles. The DNA is located in the nucleolus and has ribosomes.
Bacteria lives in all environment, has a cell wall made of peptidoglycogen that
can stain gram positive or gram negative, has no nucleus or other membrane
bound organelles, has loop shaped DNA in the nucleolus and has ribosomes.
They also transfer genes through horizontal gene transfer and are unicellular
but can also live in clusters. Eukarya has DNA that is found in the nucleus of
the cell. They have membrane bound organelles, their DNA is linear, they are
much larger than bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotes are multicellular
organisms. Viruses do not fit in nicley with the rest of the domains of life. They
are pseudoliving. They have some characteristics of life but they are not living.
How to classify viruses has been up for debate for a long time. They infect a
cell and live through them.
Explain why eukaryotic cells need/have organelles, while bacterial and
archaeal cells generally do not. - correct answer ✔Bacterial and archaeal
cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Because of this ions are able to
enter the bacterial or archaeal cell and the cell can quickly diffuse the ion.
Eukaryotic cells are much larger so they have created organelles that have
specific jobs to ensure that all processes are carried out.
rated A+ (10 pgs)
The cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a __________ - correct answer
✔nucleus
In general, the term ____________ is used to describe disease causing
agents. - correct answer ✔pathogen
Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called - correct answer ✔bacilli
The theory that states that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose from
prokaryotes that lived within other is the __________ theory. - correct answer
✔endosymbiotic
What is science? How is it different from other ways of learning/knowing
things about the world (religion, philosophy, etc.) - correct answer ✔Science,
religion and philosophy are all ways of answering the big questions in the
world, and use reason, logic, and evidence to some extent. Science is specific
in that it needs to be objective, measurable evidence to support its
conclusions. Just because it is not science doesn't mean you cant believe it, it
just isn't the scientific answer to the question.
List Koch's postulates and describe what they do. - correct answer ✔Koch's
postulates are the ways to know what bacteria is causing a disease. The
bacteria must be absent from healthy animals, you must collect it from the
infected animal and grow it in a culture. You must then be able to infect a
healthy animal with the bacteria grown in the culture and they must show the
same symptoms as the first. Then you must remove the bacteria from the
newly infected animal and grow it in another culture and it must be the same
bacteria found in the first infected animal.
, What is spontaneous generation and how does it relate to Pasteur's
experiment? - correct answer ✔Spontaneous generation was originally
presented by Aristotle that life could come from nonliving things. An example
is maggots arising from dead flesh. Pasteurs experiment disproved this.
Pasteur sterilized broth by boiling it and putting it in a flak with a swan neck so
only air could get to the broth, no dust or microbes. The broth remained
sterile. When Pasteur allowed dust and air to get to the broth the broth
became cloudy with bacteria. This proved that bacteria can travel through the
air on dust particles and therefore disproved the theory of spontaneity.
List the three domains of life and state a unique characteristic of each. -
correct answer ✔The three domains are archaea, bacteria and eukarya.
Archaea was originally considered bacteria as well under the kingdom
Monera. Archaea has now shown that it has a different chemical make up
than that of bacteria. Archaea has a cell wall made of ether lipids, lives in
extreme environments, are unicellular, has no nucleus or other membrane
bound organelles. The DNA is located in the nucleolus and has ribosomes.
Bacteria lives in all environment, has a cell wall made of peptidoglycogen that
can stain gram positive or gram negative, has no nucleus or other membrane
bound organelles, has loop shaped DNA in the nucleolus and has ribosomes.
They also transfer genes through horizontal gene transfer and are unicellular
but can also live in clusters. Eukarya has DNA that is found in the nucleus of
the cell. They have membrane bound organelles, their DNA is linear, they are
much larger than bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotes are multicellular
organisms. Viruses do not fit in nicley with the rest of the domains of life. They
are pseudoliving. They have some characteristics of life but they are not living.
How to classify viruses has been up for debate for a long time. They infect a
cell and live through them.
Explain why eukaryotic cells need/have organelles, while bacterial and
archaeal cells generally do not. - correct answer ✔Bacterial and archaeal
cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Because of this ions are able to
enter the bacterial or archaeal cell and the cell can quickly diffuse the ion.
Eukaryotic cells are much larger so they have created organelles that have
specific jobs to ensure that all processes are carried out.
