NSBH 20450 - Exam 2
Latest Update
A manufactured drug that activates a particular type of receptor in the brain is called
a(n) - Answer Agonist
If a newly-developed drug is found to bind to dopamine receptors but does not activate
them, the drug is classified as a(n) - Answer Antagonist
If drug A is found to bind to a certain type of receptor more strongly than drug B, then
drug A is said to have greater - Answer Affinity
Higher doses of a drug tend to increase the proportion of receptors that are bound and
affected by the drug, thereby increasing the response. This relationship is called the -
Answer Dose-response curve
If a drug has high bioavailability this means that it - Answer Presents in the body in a
form that can interact with physiological mechanisms.
The affinities of drugs are expressed in units of concentration—the _______ the affinity,
the _______ the concentration required. - Answer Higher; lower
A patient in the hospital requires anti-nausea medication. Which procedure would
provide the most rapid route of administration? - Answer IV drip
People who have used a particular dose of a drug several times may develop a similar
response to the same dosage of other drugs in the same class. This is an example of -
Answer Cross-tolerance
Downregulation of a neuron's receptors might be caused by - Answer The agonistic
effects of a drug
Repeated exposure to a drug leading to a decrease in physiological response is called -
Answer Tolerance
_______ specifically blocks the release of ACh from axon terminals at the injection site. -
Answer Botulinum toxin
Verapamil inhibits neurotransmitter release by blocking - Answer Calcium channels
Which substance inhibits the production of neurotransmitter? - Answer Colchicine
Adenosine regulates synaptic activity through its actions on - Answer Presynaptic
autoreceptors
,Which of the following is not a characteristic of adenosine? - Answer It blocks
transporter mechanism on vesicles
The venom of the black widow spider increases the release of - Answer Acetylcholine
Curare is a drug that selectively blocks receptors for - Answer Acetylcholine
The mood-stabilizing drug lithium acts by - Answer Inhibiting cAMP
The antipsychotic drug haloperidol is particularly selective for dopamine _______
receptors. - Answer D2
Drugs called second-generation antipsychotics block - Answer Dopamine and serotonin
receptors
On occasion, chronic abusers of amphetamines have been misdiagnosed as suffering
from - Answer Schizophrenia
Most antipsychotic medications act by blocking _______ receptors. - Answer
Dopaminergic
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by - Answer Allowing transmitter to
accumulate in the synaptic cleft
Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, or other anxiolytics, appear to modulate the
activity of receptors for the neurotransmitter - Answer GABA
Which chemical is a pure compound extracted from poppies? - Answer Opium
The discovery that the brain contains specific receptors for manufactured opiate drugs
such as morphine implies that the body must make an _______ substance to interact with
the same receptors. - Answer Endogenous
Cocaine and amphetamine both potently affect the _______ of the monoamine
neurotransmitters ________ and _______ in the synapse. - Answer Accumulation;
norepinephrine; dopamine
Cocaine was initially used as a(n) - Answer Food additive
Alcohol alters the functioning of the brain via interaction with - Answer GABA receptors
The _______ model of drug abuse and addiction focuses on the addict's desire to avoid
withdrawal symptoms. - Answer Physical dependence
One perspective on drug addiction proposes that a feature shared by all habit-forming
drugs is that they - Answer Have strong rewarding properties
The moral model of drug abuse suggests that addiction is caused by - Answer Character
weakness in addicts
Drugs that stimulate the _______ pathway provide powerful positive rewards that may
, eclipse the pleasures derived from other activities. - Answer Dopaminergic
Which statement about substance abuse interventions is false? - Answer Substance
abuse interventions that target genes instead of environments are the most effective
approaches
The _______ model of drug abuse argues that people become addicted to drugs because
of the powerful reinforcement they provide - Answer Positive reward
The _______ is an area of the brain which, when lesioned, allows patients to quit smoking
effortlessly. - Answer Insula
A common feature of addictive drugs appears to be that they cause the release of
_______ in the _______. - Answer Dopamine; nucleus accumbens
One novel approach to the treatment of drug abuse involves the use of the immune
system. In this type of treatment, _______ are directed against drug molecules, resulting
in a reduction in the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream. - Answer Antibodies
Where was capsaicin injected? - Answer The paw
What type of sensory fibers are most affected by capsaicin? - Answer C fibers
What does "hyperalgesia" mean? - Answer Increased sensitivity to pain
What are von Frey stimuli? - Answer Monofilaments
In reference to the assigned article, what is "central sensitization?" - Answer Pain felt at
parts of the paw away from the capsaicin injection site
Which one of the following represents a conclusion from the assigned article? - Answer
Electrocacupuncture appears to operate via an opioid mechanism
What was the main conclusion of experiment 1 in the assigned article? - Answer
Acupoints on the front and hind leg were effective in relieving pain in the hind paw.
This study concluded that electroacupunture greatly reduced capsaicin-induced
secondary hyperalgesia. What does this mean? - Answer Rats felt less pain after EA
What was the main conclusion from experiment 3 in the assigned article? - Answer
Endogenous opioids mediate the effects of electroacupuncture.
Based on this study, the effects of electroacupunture on central pain sensitivity are
most likely due to ________________? - Answer Both mu and delta receptors
Latest Update
A manufactured drug that activates a particular type of receptor in the brain is called
a(n) - Answer Agonist
If a newly-developed drug is found to bind to dopamine receptors but does not activate
them, the drug is classified as a(n) - Answer Antagonist
If drug A is found to bind to a certain type of receptor more strongly than drug B, then
drug A is said to have greater - Answer Affinity
Higher doses of a drug tend to increase the proportion of receptors that are bound and
affected by the drug, thereby increasing the response. This relationship is called the -
Answer Dose-response curve
If a drug has high bioavailability this means that it - Answer Presents in the body in a
form that can interact with physiological mechanisms.
The affinities of drugs are expressed in units of concentration—the _______ the affinity,
the _______ the concentration required. - Answer Higher; lower
A patient in the hospital requires anti-nausea medication. Which procedure would
provide the most rapid route of administration? - Answer IV drip
People who have used a particular dose of a drug several times may develop a similar
response to the same dosage of other drugs in the same class. This is an example of -
Answer Cross-tolerance
Downregulation of a neuron's receptors might be caused by - Answer The agonistic
effects of a drug
Repeated exposure to a drug leading to a decrease in physiological response is called -
Answer Tolerance
_______ specifically blocks the release of ACh from axon terminals at the injection site. -
Answer Botulinum toxin
Verapamil inhibits neurotransmitter release by blocking - Answer Calcium channels
Which substance inhibits the production of neurotransmitter? - Answer Colchicine
Adenosine regulates synaptic activity through its actions on - Answer Presynaptic
autoreceptors
,Which of the following is not a characteristic of adenosine? - Answer It blocks
transporter mechanism on vesicles
The venom of the black widow spider increases the release of - Answer Acetylcholine
Curare is a drug that selectively blocks receptors for - Answer Acetylcholine
The mood-stabilizing drug lithium acts by - Answer Inhibiting cAMP
The antipsychotic drug haloperidol is particularly selective for dopamine _______
receptors. - Answer D2
Drugs called second-generation antipsychotics block - Answer Dopamine and serotonin
receptors
On occasion, chronic abusers of amphetamines have been misdiagnosed as suffering
from - Answer Schizophrenia
Most antipsychotic medications act by blocking _______ receptors. - Answer
Dopaminergic
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by - Answer Allowing transmitter to
accumulate in the synaptic cleft
Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, or other anxiolytics, appear to modulate the
activity of receptors for the neurotransmitter - Answer GABA
Which chemical is a pure compound extracted from poppies? - Answer Opium
The discovery that the brain contains specific receptors for manufactured opiate drugs
such as morphine implies that the body must make an _______ substance to interact with
the same receptors. - Answer Endogenous
Cocaine and amphetamine both potently affect the _______ of the monoamine
neurotransmitters ________ and _______ in the synapse. - Answer Accumulation;
norepinephrine; dopamine
Cocaine was initially used as a(n) - Answer Food additive
Alcohol alters the functioning of the brain via interaction with - Answer GABA receptors
The _______ model of drug abuse and addiction focuses on the addict's desire to avoid
withdrawal symptoms. - Answer Physical dependence
One perspective on drug addiction proposes that a feature shared by all habit-forming
drugs is that they - Answer Have strong rewarding properties
The moral model of drug abuse suggests that addiction is caused by - Answer Character
weakness in addicts
Drugs that stimulate the _______ pathway provide powerful positive rewards that may
, eclipse the pleasures derived from other activities. - Answer Dopaminergic
Which statement about substance abuse interventions is false? - Answer Substance
abuse interventions that target genes instead of environments are the most effective
approaches
The _______ model of drug abuse argues that people become addicted to drugs because
of the powerful reinforcement they provide - Answer Positive reward
The _______ is an area of the brain which, when lesioned, allows patients to quit smoking
effortlessly. - Answer Insula
A common feature of addictive drugs appears to be that they cause the release of
_______ in the _______. - Answer Dopamine; nucleus accumbens
One novel approach to the treatment of drug abuse involves the use of the immune
system. In this type of treatment, _______ are directed against drug molecules, resulting
in a reduction in the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream. - Answer Antibodies
Where was capsaicin injected? - Answer The paw
What type of sensory fibers are most affected by capsaicin? - Answer C fibers
What does "hyperalgesia" mean? - Answer Increased sensitivity to pain
What are von Frey stimuli? - Answer Monofilaments
In reference to the assigned article, what is "central sensitization?" - Answer Pain felt at
parts of the paw away from the capsaicin injection site
Which one of the following represents a conclusion from the assigned article? - Answer
Electrocacupuncture appears to operate via an opioid mechanism
What was the main conclusion of experiment 1 in the assigned article? - Answer
Acupoints on the front and hind leg were effective in relieving pain in the hind paw.
This study concluded that electroacupunture greatly reduced capsaicin-induced
secondary hyperalgesia. What does this mean? - Answer Rats felt less pain after EA
What was the main conclusion from experiment 3 in the assigned article? - Answer
Endogenous opioids mediate the effects of electroacupuncture.
Based on this study, the effects of electroacupunture on central pain sensitivity are
most likely due to ________________? - Answer Both mu and delta receptors
