KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
A Skilled and Ethical Society
JUNIOR SCHOOL CURRICULUM DESIGN
PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES
GRADE 8
, First published 2023
Revised 2024
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transcribed, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN:
Published and printed by Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... i
NATIONAL GOALS OF EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................................................ ii
LESSON ALLOCATION AT JUNIOR SCHOOL ............................................................................................................................................ iv
LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR JUNIOR SCHOOL ......................................................................................................................................... v
ESSENCE STATEMENT ................................................................................................................................................................................... v
GENERAL LEARNING OUTCOMES.............................................................................................................................................................. vi
SUMMARY OF STRANDS AND SUB STRANDS ........................................................................................................................................ vii
STRAND 1.0: FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES ................................................................................................................. 1
STRAND 2.0: COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
STRAND 3.0: MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 15
STRAND 4.0: TOOLS AND PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 19
STRAND 5.0: ENTREPRENEURSHIP ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
APPENDIX 1: GUIDELINES FOR INTEGRATING COMMUNITY SERVICE LEARNING (CSL) .......................................................... 32
APPENDIX 2: LIST OF ASSESSMENT METHODS, LEARNING RESOURCES AND NON-FORMAL ACTIVITIES. .......................... 35
i
, NATIONAL GOALS OF EDUCATION
Education in Kenya should:
1. Foster nationalism and patriotism and promote national unity.
Kenya’s people belong to different communities, races and religions, but these differences need not divide them. They must be
able to live and interact as Kenyans. It is a paramount duty of education to help young people acquire this sense of nationhood
by removing conflicts and promoting positive attitudes of mutual respect which enable them to live together in harmony and
foster patriotism in order to make a positive contribution to the life of the nation.
2. Promote the social, economic, technological and industrial needs for national development.
Education should prepare the youth of the country to play an effective and productive role in the life of the nation.
a) Social Needs
Education in Kenya must prepare children for changes in attitudes and relationships which are necessary for the smooth
progress of a rapidly developing modern economy. There is bound to be a silent social revolution following the wake of
rapid modernisation. Education should assist our youth to adapt to this change.
b) Economic Needs
Education in Kenya should produce citizens with the skills, knowledge, expertise and personal qualities that are required to
support a growing economy. Kenya is building up a modern and independent economy which is in need of an adequate and
relevant domestic workforce.
c) Technological and Industrial Needs
Education in Kenya should provide learners with the necessary skills and attitudes for industrial development. Kenya
recognises the rapid industrial and technological changes taking place, especially in the developed world. We can only be
part of this development if our education system is deliberately focused on the knowledge, skills and attitudes that will
prepare our young people for these changing global trends.
ii
A Skilled and Ethical Society
JUNIOR SCHOOL CURRICULUM DESIGN
PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES
GRADE 8
, First published 2023
Revised 2024
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transcribed, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN:
Published and printed by Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... i
NATIONAL GOALS OF EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................................................ ii
LESSON ALLOCATION AT JUNIOR SCHOOL ............................................................................................................................................ iv
LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR JUNIOR SCHOOL ......................................................................................................................................... v
ESSENCE STATEMENT ................................................................................................................................................................................... v
GENERAL LEARNING OUTCOMES.............................................................................................................................................................. vi
SUMMARY OF STRANDS AND SUB STRANDS ........................................................................................................................................ vii
STRAND 1.0: FOUNDATIONS OF PRE-TECHNICAL STUDIES ................................................................................................................. 1
STRAND 2.0: COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
STRAND 3.0: MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 15
STRAND 4.0: TOOLS AND PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 19
STRAND 5.0: ENTREPRENEURSHIP ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
APPENDIX 1: GUIDELINES FOR INTEGRATING COMMUNITY SERVICE LEARNING (CSL) .......................................................... 32
APPENDIX 2: LIST OF ASSESSMENT METHODS, LEARNING RESOURCES AND NON-FORMAL ACTIVITIES. .......................... 35
i
, NATIONAL GOALS OF EDUCATION
Education in Kenya should:
1. Foster nationalism and patriotism and promote national unity.
Kenya’s people belong to different communities, races and religions, but these differences need not divide them. They must be
able to live and interact as Kenyans. It is a paramount duty of education to help young people acquire this sense of nationhood
by removing conflicts and promoting positive attitudes of mutual respect which enable them to live together in harmony and
foster patriotism in order to make a positive contribution to the life of the nation.
2. Promote the social, economic, technological and industrial needs for national development.
Education should prepare the youth of the country to play an effective and productive role in the life of the nation.
a) Social Needs
Education in Kenya must prepare children for changes in attitudes and relationships which are necessary for the smooth
progress of a rapidly developing modern economy. There is bound to be a silent social revolution following the wake of
rapid modernisation. Education should assist our youth to adapt to this change.
b) Economic Needs
Education in Kenya should produce citizens with the skills, knowledge, expertise and personal qualities that are required to
support a growing economy. Kenya is building up a modern and independent economy which is in need of an adequate and
relevant domestic workforce.
c) Technological and Industrial Needs
Education in Kenya should provide learners with the necessary skills and attitudes for industrial development. Kenya
recognises the rapid industrial and technological changes taking place, especially in the developed world. We can only be
part of this development if our education system is deliberately focused on the knowledge, skills and attitudes that will
prepare our young people for these changing global trends.
ii
