NURS 370 CUMULATIVE FINAL GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!

NURS 370 CUMULATIVE FINAL GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
What are pre-renal causes of acute kidney injury?
answers: Issue with perfusion to the kidney- decreases the function of the kidney


Heart failure
MI
Hemorrhaging
Shock
Hypovolemic
What are intra-renal causes of AKI?


answers: Damage to the nephrons- decreased ability to filter the blood which can
lead to excessive water and waste build up


- infection (itis) glomerulonephritis
- injury
- nephrotoxic drugs
What are the post-renal causes of AKI?


answers: Blockage in the urinary tract after the kidney to the urethra - increased
pressure in the kidney and waster which decreases function
- Renal calculi
- Enlarged prostate
- Neuro injury
How much should adults void per day

,answers: 1-2L per day
What is creatinine?


answers: Product of muscle breakdown; soley filtered from the blood
What is BUN?


answers: Blood Urea Nitrogen waste of protein breakdown in liver
What does increased creatinine indicate


answers: Low function
What is creatinine clearance and what is the normal value in females and
males?


answers: The amount of blood the kidneys make per minute that should be free of
creatinine


- female 85-125mL/min
- males 95-140 mL/min
What factors are included in calculating GFR?


answers: Creatinine clearance with patients age, gender, weight, and race
What is GFR?


answers: The rate of blood flow through the kidneys

,What happens to urinary output, water in the body, waste and electrolytes with a
decreased GFR?


answers: Increased water (hypertension and edema)
increase in waste (azotemia)
electrolyte imbalance
What happens to BUN in dehydration?


answers: Increased
What is the first stage of AKI and what happens? What is the timeline?


answers: Initiation
- starts from the cause and ends with signs and symptoms appear (few hours to
several days)
What is the second stage of AKI, and what happens? What is the timeline?


answers: Oliguric
- urine output is less than 400mL/day
- lasts a week to 2 weeks, want it as short as possible, the longer the more damage
Why is there a decreased urine output in the oliguric phase?


answers: The reason is that the glomerulus decreased ability to filter blood leads to
decreased GFR
What are signs and symptoms in oliguric phase?


answers: Increase in BUN and creatinine

, neuro status changes
hyperkalemia
edema
metabolic acidosis (kussmaul resps)
confusion
mild hyponatremia
increased phosphate and decrease calcium
high urine specific gravity
What are interventions for oliguric phase?


answers: Low protein diet
watch safety
restrict potassium-rich foods, monitor EKG, watch labs, kayexalate
limit fluid intake watch edema
ins and out
daily weights
watch respiratory statys
What is the treatment for oliguric stage?


answers: Dialysis
What is the third stage of AKI? What happens?


answers: Diuresis
- nephrons on their way to recovery
voiding 3-6 L a day