Pharmacology Hesi Review
Digoxin (Lanoxin) correct answers positive inotrope; negative
chronotrope
positive inotrope correct answers increase force of
contraction
negative chronotrope correct answers
decreases HR
what do we assess before giving digoxin? correct answers check apical
pulse for a full
minut
e
bradycardia correct answers slow
heart rate
tachycardia correct answers Fast heart rate (HR greater than
100bpm)
clients with long history of daily digoxin and furosemide creates what?
correct
high riskanswers
for dig
toxicity
how can dig toxicity be formed with digoxin and furosemide correct
answers
cause lasix can which leads to dig
hypokalemia
toxicity
digoxin taken with Dronedarone (multaq) or any antidysrhythmic can
increaseanswers
correct what? increase blood levels of digoxin and further increase
the effects
Digoxin toxicity s/s correct answers GI effects - anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal
pain; CNS effects - fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-
green around
halos or white
objects
normal digoxin level correct answers 0.5-2
ng/mL
serum potassium k+ level correct answers
3.5-5.0
magnesium levels correct answers
1.5-2.5
what all can be a contribution to dig toxicity correct answers low
potassium or
magnesium
levels
Calcium channel blockers (dipines) correct answers produce vasodilation
and reflex
tachycardi
a
what is reflex tachycardia correct answers drop bp and
increase hr
,verapamil and diltiazem produce what together correct answers
vasodilation and decrease bp and
cardiosuppression
decrease hr
Beta blockers (lol or olol) correct answers beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
always
AP and check
BP beforefor giving; do not give if hr is below 60, never stop abruptly,
may cause
angina or mi, MUST
taper
if a beta blocker is not cardio selective what happens? correct answers can
block
2 so webeta
want to watch for any respiratory conditions such as asthma,
emphysema,
COPD,
etc
labetalol is used for correct answers
hypertension
what is the side affect of labetalol? correct answers weight gain/
fluid retention
what is the best indication of fluid gain or loss for labetalol? correct
answers
weigh monitor
t1,000 ml fluid gain or loss in 24
hours
Patient in critical care or intensive care unit on nitro drip becomes
hypotensive
we do? correct what do
answers titrate (or decrease rate of)
nitro drip
can we give nitro glycerin to patients with hypertension? correct
answers yes
furosemide is what kind of drug? correct answers loop
diuretic
why is furosemide used? correct answers fast acting, used for rapid
diuresis in
emergencies (pulmonary
edema)
what can furosemide produce and what do we assess for this? correct
hypokalemia assess for muscle cramps or muscle
answers
weakness
what are other reasonings for use of furosemide? correct answers
hypotension,
and electrolyte fluid
imbalance,
dehydration
what are side effects of furosemide? correct answers dizziness,
headache,
n/v/d, decrease
tinnitus,
potassium, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity with
ahminoglycosides (mycin
drugs
)
what are foods containing potassium? correct answers dried fruits, fish,
leafy veggies,
squash, beans, meats,nuts,bananas, potatoes, dairy
products
IV potassium (KCI) assess all conditions of what?? correct
answers veins
when administering potassium what kind of veins are we looking for?
correct
large answers
veins, like anticubital (AC)
vein
, why is venous access important for IV potassium? correct answers
potassium
irritate the can
vein
If we have burning at the site of administration with IV potassium what do
we doare
what andwe worried about? correct answers can cause necrosis of
tissues
want to and
notifyweour nurse
immediately
Do we give IV push? correct
answers NO
For administering IV potassium (KCI) what do we need to do? correct
answers
first, infuseDilute
at a rate no greater than 10 meq/hr for peripheral and 20
meq/mluse
always for central
a infusion pump and assess the IV
every hour
for IV potassium what rate do we infuse for peripheral correct answers
10 meq/hr
fro IV potassium what rate do we infuse for central correct answers
20 meq/hr
Do we use a IV pump or IV push for IV potassium??? correct answers
IV PUMP
Antihypertensives are more pronounced in the elderly with which
drugs?? low
answers correct
potassium
drugs
sodium polystyrene sulfonate is also called correct answers
kayexulate
what drug is administered via NG tube or as an enema to reduce serum
potassium
levels when potassium levels are at life threatening values?? correct
answers
polystyrene sodium
sulfonate
(kayexulate)
to correct sever hyperkalemia what do we do? correct answers
administer
dextrose andIV insulin,
of sodium bicarbonate, calcium gluon ate, or
chloride isfollowed
required. often by oral or rectally administered kayexulate or even
hemodialysis
eliminate extra to potassium from the
body
Spironalactone (Aldactone), amiloride( midamor) and triamterene
(dyrenium)
kind of drugs? are correct
what answers potassium sparing
diuretic
what do potassium sparing drugs do? correct answers increase
potassium,ofblocks
receptors aldosterone and inhibits sodium and water
reabsorption
what do we teach patients for potassium sparing drugs?? correct answers
take in the
morning, avoid salt substitutes, Avoid ACE and ARBS, can be taken with
otherLOWER
that meds
k+
what drug is potassium sparing drugs to treat edema, hypertension,
heart failure?
correct answers when taken with other thiazide
diuretics
Digoxin (Lanoxin) correct answers positive inotrope; negative
chronotrope
positive inotrope correct answers increase force of
contraction
negative chronotrope correct answers
decreases HR
what do we assess before giving digoxin? correct answers check apical
pulse for a full
minut
e
bradycardia correct answers slow
heart rate
tachycardia correct answers Fast heart rate (HR greater than
100bpm)
clients with long history of daily digoxin and furosemide creates what?
correct
high riskanswers
for dig
toxicity
how can dig toxicity be formed with digoxin and furosemide correct
answers
cause lasix can which leads to dig
hypokalemia
toxicity
digoxin taken with Dronedarone (multaq) or any antidysrhythmic can
increaseanswers
correct what? increase blood levels of digoxin and further increase
the effects
Digoxin toxicity s/s correct answers GI effects - anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal
pain; CNS effects - fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-
green around
halos or white
objects
normal digoxin level correct answers 0.5-2
ng/mL
serum potassium k+ level correct answers
3.5-5.0
magnesium levels correct answers
1.5-2.5
what all can be a contribution to dig toxicity correct answers low
potassium or
magnesium
levels
Calcium channel blockers (dipines) correct answers produce vasodilation
and reflex
tachycardi
a
what is reflex tachycardia correct answers drop bp and
increase hr
,verapamil and diltiazem produce what together correct answers
vasodilation and decrease bp and
cardiosuppression
decrease hr
Beta blockers (lol or olol) correct answers beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
always
AP and check
BP beforefor giving; do not give if hr is below 60, never stop abruptly,
may cause
angina or mi, MUST
taper
if a beta blocker is not cardio selective what happens? correct answers can
block
2 so webeta
want to watch for any respiratory conditions such as asthma,
emphysema,
COPD,
etc
labetalol is used for correct answers
hypertension
what is the side affect of labetalol? correct answers weight gain/
fluid retention
what is the best indication of fluid gain or loss for labetalol? correct
answers
weigh monitor
t1,000 ml fluid gain or loss in 24
hours
Patient in critical care or intensive care unit on nitro drip becomes
hypotensive
we do? correct what do
answers titrate (or decrease rate of)
nitro drip
can we give nitro glycerin to patients with hypertension? correct
answers yes
furosemide is what kind of drug? correct answers loop
diuretic
why is furosemide used? correct answers fast acting, used for rapid
diuresis in
emergencies (pulmonary
edema)
what can furosemide produce and what do we assess for this? correct
hypokalemia assess for muscle cramps or muscle
answers
weakness
what are other reasonings for use of furosemide? correct answers
hypotension,
and electrolyte fluid
imbalance,
dehydration
what are side effects of furosemide? correct answers dizziness,
headache,
n/v/d, decrease
tinnitus,
potassium, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity with
ahminoglycosides (mycin
drugs
)
what are foods containing potassium? correct answers dried fruits, fish,
leafy veggies,
squash, beans, meats,nuts,bananas, potatoes, dairy
products
IV potassium (KCI) assess all conditions of what?? correct
answers veins
when administering potassium what kind of veins are we looking for?
correct
large answers
veins, like anticubital (AC)
vein
, why is venous access important for IV potassium? correct answers
potassium
irritate the can
vein
If we have burning at the site of administration with IV potassium what do
we doare
what andwe worried about? correct answers can cause necrosis of
tissues
want to and
notifyweour nurse
immediately
Do we give IV push? correct
answers NO
For administering IV potassium (KCI) what do we need to do? correct
answers
first, infuseDilute
at a rate no greater than 10 meq/hr for peripheral and 20
meq/mluse
always for central
a infusion pump and assess the IV
every hour
for IV potassium what rate do we infuse for peripheral correct answers
10 meq/hr
fro IV potassium what rate do we infuse for central correct answers
20 meq/hr
Do we use a IV pump or IV push for IV potassium??? correct answers
IV PUMP
Antihypertensives are more pronounced in the elderly with which
drugs?? low
answers correct
potassium
drugs
sodium polystyrene sulfonate is also called correct answers
kayexulate
what drug is administered via NG tube or as an enema to reduce serum
potassium
levels when potassium levels are at life threatening values?? correct
answers
polystyrene sodium
sulfonate
(kayexulate)
to correct sever hyperkalemia what do we do? correct answers
administer
dextrose andIV insulin,
of sodium bicarbonate, calcium gluon ate, or
chloride isfollowed
required. often by oral or rectally administered kayexulate or even
hemodialysis
eliminate extra to potassium from the
body
Spironalactone (Aldactone), amiloride( midamor) and triamterene
(dyrenium)
kind of drugs? are correct
what answers potassium sparing
diuretic
what do potassium sparing drugs do? correct answers increase
potassium,ofblocks
receptors aldosterone and inhibits sodium and water
reabsorption
what do we teach patients for potassium sparing drugs?? correct answers
take in the
morning, avoid salt substitutes, Avoid ACE and ARBS, can be taken with
otherLOWER
that meds
k+
what drug is potassium sparing drugs to treat edema, hypertension,
heart failure?
correct answers when taken with other thiazide
diuretics
