HESI Pharmacology Practice Exam
An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease.
The nurse
knows that the purpose of this
medication is to
a. decrease production of gastric
secretions.
b. produce an adherent barrier over the
ulcer.
c. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or
above.
d. decrease gastric motor activity. correct answers c. maintain a gastric
pH of 3.5 or
above
.
The objective of antacids is to neutralize gastric acids and keep pH of 3.5 or
above is
which (C)necessary for pepsinogen inactivity. (A) is the purpose of H2
receptor
antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine). (B) is the purpose of sucralfate
(Carafate).
purpose (D) is the
of anticholinergic drugs which are often used in conjunction with
antacids
allow thetoantacid to remain in the stomach
longer.
In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome would
indicate
drug that the as
is performing
intended?
a. An increase in urine
output.
b. Two or three soft stools per
day.
c. Watery, diarrhea
stools.
d. Increased serum bilirubin. correct answers b. Two or three soft stools
per day.
Lactulose is administered to reduce blood ammonia by excretion of
ammonia
the stool. through
Two to three stools a day indicate that lactulose is performing as
intended
(A) would(B).
be expected if the patient received a diuretic. (C) would indicate
an lactulose
of overdoseand is not expected. Lactulose does not
affect (D).
The healthcare provider prescribes digitalis (Digoxin) for a client
diagnosed with
congestive heart failure. Which intervention should the nurse
implement prior
administering theto
digoxin?
a. Observe respiratory rate and
depth.
b. Assess the serum potassium
level.
c. Obtain the client's blood
pressure.
d. Monitor the serum glucose level. correct answers b. Assess the serum
potassium
level
.
Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium) will precipitate digitalis toxicity
in personsdigoxin (B). (A and C) will not affect the administration of digoxin.
receiving
(D)monitored
be should if he/she is a diabetic and is perhaps
receiving insulin.
,Following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin to a client
experiencing
anginal attack, anwhich
acuteassessment finding indicates to the nurse that the
desired
has been effect
achieved?
a. Client states chest pain is
relieved.
b. Client's pulse decreases from 120
to Client's
c. 90. systolic blood pressure decreases from
180
d. to 90. SaO2 level increases from 92% to 96%. correct answers a.
Client's
Client pain
chest statesis
relieved.
Nitroglycerin reduces myocardial oxygen consumption which decreases
ischemiachest
reduces and pain (A). (B and D) would also occur if the angina was
relieved,
not but are as the client's subjective report of decreased pain. (C)
as significant
may indicate
reduction a
in pain, or a potentially serious side effect of the
medication.
A client with congestive heart failure (CHF) is being discharged with a new
prescription
for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (Capoten).
The nurse's
discharge instruction should include reporting which problem to the
healthcare provider?
a. Weight
loss.
b.
Dizziness.
c. Muscle
cramps.
d. Dry mucous membranes. correct answers b.
Dizziness.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used in CHF to reduce
afterload by
reversing vasoconstriction common in heart failure. This vasodilation
can cause
hypotension and resultant dizziness (B). (A) is desired if fluid overload is
present,
may and
occur as the result of effective combination drug therapy such as
diuretics
ACE with (C) often indicates hypokalemia in the client receiving
inhibitors.
Excessive diuretic administration may result in fluid volume deficit,
diuretics.
manifestedsuch
symptoms by as
(D).
A client is being treated for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (PTU).
The nurse
knows that the action of this
drug is to
a. decrease the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in
theincrease
b. blood. the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in
theincrease
c. blood. the amount of T4 and decrease the amount of T3 produced by
theinhibit
d. thyroid.
synthesis of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland. correct
answers d.ofinhibit
synthesis T3 and T4 by the thyroid
gland.
PTU is an adjunct therapy used to control hyperthyroidism by inhibiting
production
thyroid hormones
of (D). It is often prescribed in preparation for
thyroidectomy
radioactive or therapy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is
iodine
produced by the
, pituitary gland, and PTU does not affect the pituitary (A and B). PTU
inhibits the
synthesis of all thyroid hormones--both T3 and
T4(C).
A client with Parkinson's disease is taking carbidopa-levodopa
(Sinemet). Which
observation by the nurse would indicate that the desired outcome of the
medication is
being
achieved?
a. Decreased blood
pressure.
b. Lessening of
tremors.
c. Increased
salivation.
d. Increased attention span. correct answers b. Lessening of
tremors.
Sinemet increases the amount of levodopa to the CNS (dopamine to
the brain).amounts of dopamine improve the symptoms of
Increased
Parkinson's, movements,
involuntary such as resting tremors (B), shuffling gait, etc. (A) is a
side effectDecreased
Sinemet. of drooling would be a desired effect, not (C). Sinemet does
not
(D) affect
.
Following heparin treatment for a pulmonary embolism, a client is being
discharged
a prescriptionwith
for warfarin (Coumadin). In conducting discharge teaching,
the nurse
advises the client to have which diagnostic test monitored regularly after
discharge?
a. Perfusion
scan.
b. Prothrombin Time
(PT/INR).
c. Activated partial thromboplastin
(APTT).
d. Serum Coumadin level (SCL). correct answers b. Prothrombin Time
(PT/INR).
When used for a client with pulmonary embolus, the therapeutic goal
for warfarin
therapy is a PT 1 to 2 times greater than the control, or an INR of 2 to 3 (B).
A perfusion
might be performed to monitor lung function, but not monthly (A). APTT is
monitored
the client receiving
for heparin therapy (C). A blood level for Coumadin
cannot be
measured
(D).
A postoperative client has been receiving a continuous IV infusion of
meperidine
(Demerol) 35 mg/hr for four days. The client has a PRN prescription for
Demerol
mg 100The nurse notes that the client has become increasingly
PO q3h.
restless,
and confused,
irritable
stating that there are bugs all over the walls. What action
shouldtake
nurse the
first?
a. Administer a PRN dose of the PO meperidine
(Demerol).
b. Administer naloxone (Narcan) IV per PRN
protocol.
c. Decrease the IV infusion rate of the meperidine (Demerol) per
protocol.
d. Notify the healthcare provider of the client's confusion and
hallucinations.
answers correct
c. Decrease the IV infusion rate of the meperidine (Demerol)
per protocol.
An antacid (Maalox) is prescribed for a client with peptic ulcer disease.
The nurse
knows that the purpose of this
medication is to
a. decrease production of gastric
secretions.
b. produce an adherent barrier over the
ulcer.
c. maintain a gastric pH of 3.5 or
above.
d. decrease gastric motor activity. correct answers c. maintain a gastric
pH of 3.5 or
above
.
The objective of antacids is to neutralize gastric acids and keep pH of 3.5 or
above is
which (C)necessary for pepsinogen inactivity. (A) is the purpose of H2
receptor
antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine). (B) is the purpose of sucralfate
(Carafate).
purpose (D) is the
of anticholinergic drugs which are often used in conjunction with
antacids
allow thetoantacid to remain in the stomach
longer.
In evaluating the effects of lactulose (Cephulac), which outcome would
indicate
drug that the as
is performing
intended?
a. An increase in urine
output.
b. Two or three soft stools per
day.
c. Watery, diarrhea
stools.
d. Increased serum bilirubin. correct answers b. Two or three soft stools
per day.
Lactulose is administered to reduce blood ammonia by excretion of
ammonia
the stool. through
Two to three stools a day indicate that lactulose is performing as
intended
(A) would(B).
be expected if the patient received a diuretic. (C) would indicate
an lactulose
of overdoseand is not expected. Lactulose does not
affect (D).
The healthcare provider prescribes digitalis (Digoxin) for a client
diagnosed with
congestive heart failure. Which intervention should the nurse
implement prior
administering theto
digoxin?
a. Observe respiratory rate and
depth.
b. Assess the serum potassium
level.
c. Obtain the client's blood
pressure.
d. Monitor the serum glucose level. correct answers b. Assess the serum
potassium
level
.
Hypokalemia (decreased serum potassium) will precipitate digitalis toxicity
in personsdigoxin (B). (A and C) will not affect the administration of digoxin.
receiving
(D)monitored
be should if he/she is a diabetic and is perhaps
receiving insulin.
,Following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin to a client
experiencing
anginal attack, anwhich
acuteassessment finding indicates to the nurse that the
desired
has been effect
achieved?
a. Client states chest pain is
relieved.
b. Client's pulse decreases from 120
to Client's
c. 90. systolic blood pressure decreases from
180
d. to 90. SaO2 level increases from 92% to 96%. correct answers a.
Client's
Client pain
chest statesis
relieved.
Nitroglycerin reduces myocardial oxygen consumption which decreases
ischemiachest
reduces and pain (A). (B and D) would also occur if the angina was
relieved,
not but are as the client's subjective report of decreased pain. (C)
as significant
may indicate
reduction a
in pain, or a potentially serious side effect of the
medication.
A client with congestive heart failure (CHF) is being discharged with a new
prescription
for the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (Capoten).
The nurse's
discharge instruction should include reporting which problem to the
healthcare provider?
a. Weight
loss.
b.
Dizziness.
c. Muscle
cramps.
d. Dry mucous membranes. correct answers b.
Dizziness.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used in CHF to reduce
afterload by
reversing vasoconstriction common in heart failure. This vasodilation
can cause
hypotension and resultant dizziness (B). (A) is desired if fluid overload is
present,
may and
occur as the result of effective combination drug therapy such as
diuretics
ACE with (C) often indicates hypokalemia in the client receiving
inhibitors.
Excessive diuretic administration may result in fluid volume deficit,
diuretics.
manifestedsuch
symptoms by as
(D).
A client is being treated for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (PTU).
The nurse
knows that the action of this
drug is to
a. decrease the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in
theincrease
b. blood. the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone circulating in
theincrease
c. blood. the amount of T4 and decrease the amount of T3 produced by
theinhibit
d. thyroid.
synthesis of T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland. correct
answers d.ofinhibit
synthesis T3 and T4 by the thyroid
gland.
PTU is an adjunct therapy used to control hyperthyroidism by inhibiting
production
thyroid hormones
of (D). It is often prescribed in preparation for
thyroidectomy
radioactive or therapy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is
iodine
produced by the
, pituitary gland, and PTU does not affect the pituitary (A and B). PTU
inhibits the
synthesis of all thyroid hormones--both T3 and
T4(C).
A client with Parkinson's disease is taking carbidopa-levodopa
(Sinemet). Which
observation by the nurse would indicate that the desired outcome of the
medication is
being
achieved?
a. Decreased blood
pressure.
b. Lessening of
tremors.
c. Increased
salivation.
d. Increased attention span. correct answers b. Lessening of
tremors.
Sinemet increases the amount of levodopa to the CNS (dopamine to
the brain).amounts of dopamine improve the symptoms of
Increased
Parkinson's, movements,
involuntary such as resting tremors (B), shuffling gait, etc. (A) is a
side effectDecreased
Sinemet. of drooling would be a desired effect, not (C). Sinemet does
not
(D) affect
.
Following heparin treatment for a pulmonary embolism, a client is being
discharged
a prescriptionwith
for warfarin (Coumadin). In conducting discharge teaching,
the nurse
advises the client to have which diagnostic test monitored regularly after
discharge?
a. Perfusion
scan.
b. Prothrombin Time
(PT/INR).
c. Activated partial thromboplastin
(APTT).
d. Serum Coumadin level (SCL). correct answers b. Prothrombin Time
(PT/INR).
When used for a client with pulmonary embolus, the therapeutic goal
for warfarin
therapy is a PT 1 to 2 times greater than the control, or an INR of 2 to 3 (B).
A perfusion
might be performed to monitor lung function, but not monthly (A). APTT is
monitored
the client receiving
for heparin therapy (C). A blood level for Coumadin
cannot be
measured
(D).
A postoperative client has been receiving a continuous IV infusion of
meperidine
(Demerol) 35 mg/hr for four days. The client has a PRN prescription for
Demerol
mg 100The nurse notes that the client has become increasingly
PO q3h.
restless,
and confused,
irritable
stating that there are bugs all over the walls. What action
shouldtake
nurse the
first?
a. Administer a PRN dose of the PO meperidine
(Demerol).
b. Administer naloxone (Narcan) IV per PRN
protocol.
c. Decrease the IV infusion rate of the meperidine (Demerol) per
protocol.
d. Notify the healthcare provider of the client's confusion and
hallucinations.
answers correct
c. Decrease the IV infusion rate of the meperidine (Demerol)
per protocol.
