OB/PEDS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the post operative care for a tonsillectomy? - answers- typically not performed
on children 3 and under.
Post op:
- immediately post op, pt is placed on sims sidelying with knee flexed to hold the
position
- increased heart rate, respiration's, restlessness, swallowing, or vomiting up bright red
blood are signs of bleeding.
- small amts of clear liquids given as tolerated (no red or brown juices) popsicle are
good (no red or brown)
- avoid coughing or clearing of the throat to reduce post op bleeding
- hemorrhage is most common complication
-no milk or milk products
What is the dietary management of pku? - answers- - low protein diet
- avoid any foods that contain phenylalanine
- meat, dairy, and diet drinks are avoided
- careful dietary management
What is down syndrome? - answers- down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes
lifelong mental retardation, developmental delays and other problems. Down syndrome
varies in severity, so developmental problems range from moderate to serious.
What causes down syndrome? - answers- a congenital defect resulting in chromosomal
abnormalities. An extra chromosome is usually present on the 21st pair (trisomy 21)
What are the s/s of down syndrome? - answers- happy-go-lucky personality
Small, rounded skull with a flat occiput
Upward-slanting eyes
Broad, flat nose; low-set ears
Protruding tongue
Short, thick neck
Hypotonic extremities
Mottled skin
Simian crease on the palmar side of the hand
Intellectual impairment
What is leukemia? - answers- *most common form of cancer in childhood*
Malignant disease of the blood-forming organs of the body that results in an
uncontrolled growth of immature wbc's
-wbc's are immature and do not function properly therefor dont provide ability to fight
infection
-reduced platelet counts cause bleeding tendencies and fragile bones
-body can metabolically starve
, How is leukemia diagnosed and treated? - answers- -based on history and symptoms
-results of extensive blood tests
-demonstrate presence of leukemic blast cells in the blood, bone marrow, or their
tissues (bone marrow aspiration)
-x-rays of the long bones show changes
-spinal tap may be done to check for cns involvement
-kidney and liver function studies are done
-the adequacy of their function is essential to the outcomes of chemotherapy
What is cystic fibrosis and what causes it? - answers- *major cause of serious chronic
lung disease*
Exocrine gland dysfunction that includes increased viscosity (thickness) of mucous
gland secretions, and a loss of elytes in sweat because of abnormal chloride movement.
-inherited recessive trait, with both parents carrying a gene for the disease
What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis? - answers- respiratory system—obstructed
by secretions
Digestive system—secretions prevent digestive enzymes from flowing to gi tract, results
in poor absorption of food
Bulky, foul-smelling stools that are frothy because of the undigested fat content
Skin—loss of electrolytes in sweat causes "salty" skin surface
Reproductive system—secretions decrease sperm motility; thick cervical mucus can
inhibit sperm from reaching fallopian tubes
What is pku? - answers- phenylketonuria
-genetic disorder caused by the faulty metabolism of phenylalanine (amino acid
essential to life and found in protein foods)
-phenylalanine cannot be broken down and builds up in blood causing severe
retardation
-heel stick blood test done at birth to test for it
What is club foot and name the types? - answers- deformity of the foot and ankle where
the foot is twisted or bent out of shape as a result of hereditary factors or abnormal
position in utero.
-talipes equinovarus- heel/foot/extension/bent inward
-talipes equinovlagus- heel/foot/extension/bent outward
How is club foot treated? - answers- -passive exercises
-casting to move into normal position, changed frequently and requires petaling to
protect skin.
-dennis-browne splint in mild cases
-reverse shoes
-surgical correction
What are pin worms, how are they transmitted? - answers- "enterobiasis"
What is the post operative care for a tonsillectomy? - answers- typically not performed
on children 3 and under.
Post op:
- immediately post op, pt is placed on sims sidelying with knee flexed to hold the
position
- increased heart rate, respiration's, restlessness, swallowing, or vomiting up bright red
blood are signs of bleeding.
- small amts of clear liquids given as tolerated (no red or brown juices) popsicle are
good (no red or brown)
- avoid coughing or clearing of the throat to reduce post op bleeding
- hemorrhage is most common complication
-no milk or milk products
What is the dietary management of pku? - answers- - low protein diet
- avoid any foods that contain phenylalanine
- meat, dairy, and diet drinks are avoided
- careful dietary management
What is down syndrome? - answers- down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes
lifelong mental retardation, developmental delays and other problems. Down syndrome
varies in severity, so developmental problems range from moderate to serious.
What causes down syndrome? - answers- a congenital defect resulting in chromosomal
abnormalities. An extra chromosome is usually present on the 21st pair (trisomy 21)
What are the s/s of down syndrome? - answers- happy-go-lucky personality
Small, rounded skull with a flat occiput
Upward-slanting eyes
Broad, flat nose; low-set ears
Protruding tongue
Short, thick neck
Hypotonic extremities
Mottled skin
Simian crease on the palmar side of the hand
Intellectual impairment
What is leukemia? - answers- *most common form of cancer in childhood*
Malignant disease of the blood-forming organs of the body that results in an
uncontrolled growth of immature wbc's
-wbc's are immature and do not function properly therefor dont provide ability to fight
infection
-reduced platelet counts cause bleeding tendencies and fragile bones
-body can metabolically starve
, How is leukemia diagnosed and treated? - answers- -based on history and symptoms
-results of extensive blood tests
-demonstrate presence of leukemic blast cells in the blood, bone marrow, or their
tissues (bone marrow aspiration)
-x-rays of the long bones show changes
-spinal tap may be done to check for cns involvement
-kidney and liver function studies are done
-the adequacy of their function is essential to the outcomes of chemotherapy
What is cystic fibrosis and what causes it? - answers- *major cause of serious chronic
lung disease*
Exocrine gland dysfunction that includes increased viscosity (thickness) of mucous
gland secretions, and a loss of elytes in sweat because of abnormal chloride movement.
-inherited recessive trait, with both parents carrying a gene for the disease
What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis? - answers- respiratory system—obstructed
by secretions
Digestive system—secretions prevent digestive enzymes from flowing to gi tract, results
in poor absorption of food
Bulky, foul-smelling stools that are frothy because of the undigested fat content
Skin—loss of electrolytes in sweat causes "salty" skin surface
Reproductive system—secretions decrease sperm motility; thick cervical mucus can
inhibit sperm from reaching fallopian tubes
What is pku? - answers- phenylketonuria
-genetic disorder caused by the faulty metabolism of phenylalanine (amino acid
essential to life and found in protein foods)
-phenylalanine cannot be broken down and builds up in blood causing severe
retardation
-heel stick blood test done at birth to test for it
What is club foot and name the types? - answers- deformity of the foot and ankle where
the foot is twisted or bent out of shape as a result of hereditary factors or abnormal
position in utero.
-talipes equinovarus- heel/foot/extension/bent inward
-talipes equinovlagus- heel/foot/extension/bent outward
How is club foot treated? - answers- -passive exercises
-casting to move into normal position, changed frequently and requires petaling to
protect skin.
-dennis-browne splint in mild cases
-reverse shoes
-surgical correction
What are pin worms, how are they transmitted? - answers- "enterobiasis"
