Step 2 CK First Aid Rapid Review Rated A+
Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter. ✔️✔️"Sawtooth" P waves.
Definition of unstable angina. ✔️✔️Angina is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest.
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria. ✔️✔️ACEI.
Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade. ✔️✔️Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD.
Drugs that slow AV node transmission. ✔️✔️β-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel blockers.
Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus. ✔️✔️Niacin.
Murmur—hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). ✔️✔️Systolic ejection murmur heard
along the lateral sternal border that ↑ with Valsalva maneuver and standing.
Murmur—aortic insufficiency. ✔️✔️Diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing murmur that is best
heard sitting up; ↑ with ↓ preload (handgrip maneuver).
Murmur—aortic stenosis. ✔️✔️Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; ↑
with ↑ preload (Valsalva maneuver).
Murmur—mitral regurgitation. ✔️✔️Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae or carotids.
Murmur—mitral stenosis. ✔️✔️Diastolic, mid- to late, low-pitched murmur.
,Treatment for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. ✔️✔️If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate
control with calcium channel blockers or β-blockers.
Treatment for ventricular fibrillation. ✔️✔️Immediate cardioversion.
Autoimmune complication occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI. ✔️✔️Dressler's syndrome: fever, pericarditis,
↑ ESR.
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment? ✔️✔️Treat
existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve.
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ✔️✔️Echocardiogram (showing thickened left
ventricular wall and outflow obstruction).
A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration. ✔️✔️Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac
tamponade).
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis. ✔️✔️Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation.
Definition of hypertension. ✔️✔️BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart.
Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension. ✔️✔️Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the
aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal
disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit. ✔️✔️Abdominal ultrasound and CT.
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. ✔️✔️> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging,
symptomatic, or ruptured.
, Treatment for acute coronary syndrome. ✔️✔️Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-
blockers, heparin.
What is metabolic syndrome? ✔️✔️Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension,
insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states.
Target LDL in a patient with diabetes. ✔️✔️< 70.
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing. ✔️✔️Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or ↓ BP.
ECG findings suggesting MI. ✔️✔️ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia), flattened T
waves, and Q waves.
Coronary territories in MI. ✔️✔️Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), inferior (PDA), posterior (left
circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal).
A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.
✔️✔️Prinzmetal's angina.
Common symptoms associated with silent Mls. ✔️✔️CHF, shock, and altered mental status.
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism. ✔️✔️V/Q scan.
An agent that reverses the effects of heparin. ✔️✔️Protamine.
The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin. ✔️✔️PT.
A young patient with a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising.
✔️✔️Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter. ✔️✔️"Sawtooth" P waves.
Definition of unstable angina. ✔️✔️Angina is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest.
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria. ✔️✔️ACEI.
Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade. ✔️✔️Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD.
Drugs that slow AV node transmission. ✔️✔️β-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel blockers.
Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus. ✔️✔️Niacin.
Murmur—hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). ✔️✔️Systolic ejection murmur heard
along the lateral sternal border that ↑ with Valsalva maneuver and standing.
Murmur—aortic insufficiency. ✔️✔️Diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing murmur that is best
heard sitting up; ↑ with ↓ preload (handgrip maneuver).
Murmur—aortic stenosis. ✔️✔️Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; ↑
with ↑ preload (Valsalva maneuver).
Murmur—mitral regurgitation. ✔️✔️Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae or carotids.
Murmur—mitral stenosis. ✔️✔️Diastolic, mid- to late, low-pitched murmur.
,Treatment for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. ✔️✔️If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate
control with calcium channel blockers or β-blockers.
Treatment for ventricular fibrillation. ✔️✔️Immediate cardioversion.
Autoimmune complication occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI. ✔️✔️Dressler's syndrome: fever, pericarditis,
↑ ESR.
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment? ✔️✔️Treat
existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve.
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ✔️✔️Echocardiogram (showing thickened left
ventricular wall and outflow obstruction).
A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration. ✔️✔️Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac
tamponade).
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis. ✔️✔️Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation.
Definition of hypertension. ✔️✔️BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart.
Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension. ✔️✔️Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the
aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal
disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit. ✔️✔️Abdominal ultrasound and CT.
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. ✔️✔️> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging,
symptomatic, or ruptured.
, Treatment for acute coronary syndrome. ✔️✔️Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-
blockers, heparin.
What is metabolic syndrome? ✔️✔️Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension,
insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states.
Target LDL in a patient with diabetes. ✔️✔️< 70.
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing. ✔️✔️Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or ↓ BP.
ECG findings suggesting MI. ✔️✔️ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia), flattened T
waves, and Q waves.
Coronary territories in MI. ✔️✔️Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), inferior (PDA), posterior (left
circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal).
A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.
✔️✔️Prinzmetal's angina.
Common symptoms associated with silent Mls. ✔️✔️CHF, shock, and altered mental status.
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism. ✔️✔️V/Q scan.
An agent that reverses the effects of heparin. ✔️✔️Protamine.
The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin. ✔️✔️PT.
A young patient with a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising.
✔️✔️Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
