psy 321 quiz 1 questions with correct answers
Different Ways of Knowing: Correct Answer-Authority
Experience
Intuition/common sense/Gut feeling
Scientific Inquiry
3 OF THE THINGS SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY CAN PROVIDE THAT
OTHER SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE GENERALLY CANNOT
Correct Answer-1. Comparison Groups
2. Control -the ability to test one thing at a time
3. Access to more complete data and guard against bias
1STTHING THAT SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY CAN PROVIDE:
COMPARISON GROUPS Correct Answer-In our everyday
experienceoften, NO control/comparison group!
Example: Friend told you that she had bad eczema for a long time. Once
she started putting coconut oil on, the symptoms went away.
Need to ask COMPARED TO WHAT? Why control/comparison groups
important?Can compare what would happen both withAND withoutthe
thing we're interested in
In order to draw conclusions about whether coconut helps to get rid of
eczema, we would need to know: Correct Answer-# of people
w/treatment that did get better# of people w/treatment that did not
better# of people w/o treatment that did get better# of people w/o
treatment that did not get better
, 2)CONTROL -THE ABILITY TO TEST ONE THING AT A TIME
Correct Answer-Example: Friend with insomnia drank Sweet Dreams
tea and is now sleeping well. E.g. What are some possible reasons for
insomnia?Stressful situation in relationship/job, lack of exercise, poor
diet, uncomfortable setting, habit of looking at phone in bedWhat sort of
things might you do if you are going through a bout of insomnia?
•Exercise more, put away electronics, make sure you are comfortable,
address issues that are causing you stress, see a doctor, eat better and
earlier, etc. A lot going on at once in everyday life!!! It is, therefore,
difficult to isolate and identify whether it was the tea or any of the above
behaviors that may have helped improve sleep. Everyday life events are
confounded many factors taking place at the same timemakes it difficult
to isolate and identify what caused the event.
What can we do about confounds? Correct Answer-In empirical
research, we are better able to exert control with the ability to change
one thing at a time.We can control what changes and what stays
constant. For example, how might we have more control in an
experiment to test whether or not tea helps with insomnia? randomly
assign people to treatment conditions to address individual
differencesmake sure treatment group is only using tea and no treatment
group is not using anything
3) SYSTEMATIC DATA COLLECTION Correct Answer-We lack
systematic data collection in in our everyday life•When relying on our
intuition as a source of knowledge, we often gather our evidence/data in
biased ways leading to erroneous conclusions. •Let's take a look at some
of the biases of our intuition...
Different Ways of Knowing: Correct Answer-Authority
Experience
Intuition/common sense/Gut feeling
Scientific Inquiry
3 OF THE THINGS SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY CAN PROVIDE THAT
OTHER SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE GENERALLY CANNOT
Correct Answer-1. Comparison Groups
2. Control -the ability to test one thing at a time
3. Access to more complete data and guard against bias
1STTHING THAT SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY CAN PROVIDE:
COMPARISON GROUPS Correct Answer-In our everyday
experienceoften, NO control/comparison group!
Example: Friend told you that she had bad eczema for a long time. Once
she started putting coconut oil on, the symptoms went away.
Need to ask COMPARED TO WHAT? Why control/comparison groups
important?Can compare what would happen both withAND withoutthe
thing we're interested in
In order to draw conclusions about whether coconut helps to get rid of
eczema, we would need to know: Correct Answer-# of people
w/treatment that did get better# of people w/treatment that did not
better# of people w/o treatment that did get better# of people w/o
treatment that did not get better
, 2)CONTROL -THE ABILITY TO TEST ONE THING AT A TIME
Correct Answer-Example: Friend with insomnia drank Sweet Dreams
tea and is now sleeping well. E.g. What are some possible reasons for
insomnia?Stressful situation in relationship/job, lack of exercise, poor
diet, uncomfortable setting, habit of looking at phone in bedWhat sort of
things might you do if you are going through a bout of insomnia?
•Exercise more, put away electronics, make sure you are comfortable,
address issues that are causing you stress, see a doctor, eat better and
earlier, etc. A lot going on at once in everyday life!!! It is, therefore,
difficult to isolate and identify whether it was the tea or any of the above
behaviors that may have helped improve sleep. Everyday life events are
confounded many factors taking place at the same timemakes it difficult
to isolate and identify what caused the event.
What can we do about confounds? Correct Answer-In empirical
research, we are better able to exert control with the ability to change
one thing at a time.We can control what changes and what stays
constant. For example, how might we have more control in an
experiment to test whether or not tea helps with insomnia? randomly
assign people to treatment conditions to address individual
differencesmake sure treatment group is only using tea and no treatment
group is not using anything
3) SYSTEMATIC DATA COLLECTION Correct Answer-We lack
systematic data collection in in our everyday life•When relying on our
intuition as a source of knowledge, we often gather our evidence/data in
biased ways leading to erroneous conclusions. •Let's take a look at some
of the biases of our intuition...
