PATIENT MANAGEMENT NBDE PART 2 EXAM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
DISORDERS/SYNDROMES
What problems are caused in babies in embryo?
-Carcinogen
-Teratogens
Teratogens (Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus);
Definition of teratogen
Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus. Teratogens may
cause a birth defect in the child. Or a teratogen may halt the pregnancy outright.
MUSCLE DYSTROPHY
Muscular dystrophy: a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal
system & hamper locomotion. Characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness,
defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.
Muscular dystrophy: muscle weakness, "long face" which is characterized by a lower
vertical facial height and open bite/
Muscle dystrophy; after a local anesthetic is most likely due to?
Lidocaine toxicity
Increase duration of action
,Increase onset
Can't be supine
Lidocaine toxicity
Pt w/ muscular dystrophy condition:
Lower face with open bite
What can be seen on a patient with muscle weakness of the face?
-Cross bite
-Buccal tilting of molars
-Long upper face
-Lower face with open bite
Lower face with open bite
Considerations for muscular dystrophy:
-Increase in dental disease if OHI is neglected
-A weakness of muscles of mastication
Weakness of muscles of mastication
(decrease biting force, open mouth breathing)
ADDISON'S DISEASE & OTHER ADRENAL DIEASES
Addison's disease: a chronic disorder of the endocrine system in which the adrenal
glands do not produce enough steroid hormones-the production of cortisol is too little,
and in some cases, aldosterone. Symptoms tend to develop gradually, often including
,abdominal pain, weakness, darkening of the skin, and weight loss.
Adrenal crisis- hypotension, vomiting, lower back pain, loss of consciousness. An
adrenal crisis can be triggered by stress such as an injury, surgery, or infection.
Tx: administer cortisone
Acute adrenal insufficiency:
Hypotension
What Addison disease causes:
Pigmentation of the mucosa
Addison's shows up as what in the oral cavity?
Pigmentation on buccal mucosa
What clinical symptoms in the mouth would you see for Addison's disease?
Hyperpigmentation
Pheochromocytoma: neuroendocrine tumor in medulla of adrenal gland
Excess catecholamines (ex. epi)
CEREBRAL PALSY:
Cerebral palsy (CP): group of permanent central motor/movement disorders that appear
in early childhood, caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain
that control movement, balance, muscle tone, and posture.
Signs and symptoms vary & include: poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles,
and tremors. Other problems w/ sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and speaking
, Lots of questions about cerebral palsy something about it being a developmental
disorder 2nd after autism
Cerebral Palsy patient which is not true?
a. 95% have cognitive impairment
b. All bruxism
CP patient which is not true?
a. 95% have cognitive impairment
b. all bruxism
c. increase in periodontitis
c. increase in periodontitis
Cerebral palsy
Patient will have spastic oral mucosa during treatment.
Pt has involuntary uncoordinated movements with larynx problem?
Cerebral palsy
Common finding in a patient with cerebral athetoid palsy:
Anterior Teeth fracture
- Cerebral athetoid palsy: damage to basal ganglia, has both hypertonia/hypotonia
CLEFT LIP/PALATE:
Case: Black girl around seven years old presents with a unilateral crossbite; she had a
cleft palate that was fixed. Palate in picture looks like a triangle and laterals are towards
the palate.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
DISORDERS/SYNDROMES
What problems are caused in babies in embryo?
-Carcinogen
-Teratogens
Teratogens (Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus);
Definition of teratogen
Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus. Teratogens may
cause a birth defect in the child. Or a teratogen may halt the pregnancy outright.
MUSCLE DYSTROPHY
Muscular dystrophy: a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal
system & hamper locomotion. Characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness,
defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.
Muscular dystrophy: muscle weakness, "long face" which is characterized by a lower
vertical facial height and open bite/
Muscle dystrophy; after a local anesthetic is most likely due to?
Lidocaine toxicity
Increase duration of action
,Increase onset
Can't be supine
Lidocaine toxicity
Pt w/ muscular dystrophy condition:
Lower face with open bite
What can be seen on a patient with muscle weakness of the face?
-Cross bite
-Buccal tilting of molars
-Long upper face
-Lower face with open bite
Lower face with open bite
Considerations for muscular dystrophy:
-Increase in dental disease if OHI is neglected
-A weakness of muscles of mastication
Weakness of muscles of mastication
(decrease biting force, open mouth breathing)
ADDISON'S DISEASE & OTHER ADRENAL DIEASES
Addison's disease: a chronic disorder of the endocrine system in which the adrenal
glands do not produce enough steroid hormones-the production of cortisol is too little,
and in some cases, aldosterone. Symptoms tend to develop gradually, often including
,abdominal pain, weakness, darkening of the skin, and weight loss.
Adrenal crisis- hypotension, vomiting, lower back pain, loss of consciousness. An
adrenal crisis can be triggered by stress such as an injury, surgery, or infection.
Tx: administer cortisone
Acute adrenal insufficiency:
Hypotension
What Addison disease causes:
Pigmentation of the mucosa
Addison's shows up as what in the oral cavity?
Pigmentation on buccal mucosa
What clinical symptoms in the mouth would you see for Addison's disease?
Hyperpigmentation
Pheochromocytoma: neuroendocrine tumor in medulla of adrenal gland
Excess catecholamines (ex. epi)
CEREBRAL PALSY:
Cerebral palsy (CP): group of permanent central motor/movement disorders that appear
in early childhood, caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain
that control movement, balance, muscle tone, and posture.
Signs and symptoms vary & include: poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles,
and tremors. Other problems w/ sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and speaking
, Lots of questions about cerebral palsy something about it being a developmental
disorder 2nd after autism
Cerebral Palsy patient which is not true?
a. 95% have cognitive impairment
b. All bruxism
CP patient which is not true?
a. 95% have cognitive impairment
b. all bruxism
c. increase in periodontitis
c. increase in periodontitis
Cerebral palsy
Patient will have spastic oral mucosa during treatment.
Pt has involuntary uncoordinated movements with larynx problem?
Cerebral palsy
Common finding in a patient with cerebral athetoid palsy:
Anterior Teeth fracture
- Cerebral athetoid palsy: damage to basal ganglia, has both hypertonia/hypotonia
CLEFT LIP/PALATE:
Case: Black girl around seven years old presents with a unilateral crossbite; she had a
cleft palate that was fixed. Palate in picture looks like a triangle and laterals are towards
the palate.
