AFOQT Study Guide Exam With Complete
Solutions Latest Update
GAMA - ANSWER General Aviation Manufacturers Association
Glideslope (GS) - ANSWER Part of the ILS which projects a radio beam upward at an
angle of approximately 3° from the approach end of an instrument runway. The
glideslope provides vertical guidance to aircraft on the final approach course for the
aircraft to follow when making an ILS approach along the localizer path.
Glideslope intercept altitude - ANSWER The minimum altitude of an intermediate
approach segment prescribed for a precision approach which ensures obstacle
clearance.
Global landing system (GLS) - ANSWER An instrument approach with lateral and vertical
guidance with integrity limits, similar to barometric vertical navigation (BARO VNAV).
GNSS - ANSWER A satellite navigation system that provides autonomous geospatial
positioning with global coverage. It enables small electronic receivers to determine
their location - longitude, latitude, and altitude - to within a few meters using time signals
transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites.
GPS - ANSWER A navigation system using satellite rather than ground-based
transmitters for location information.
GPS Approach Overlay Program- ANSWER An authorization for pilots to use GPS
avionics under IFR for flying designated existing nonprecision instrument approach
procedures, except LOC, LDA, and SDF procedures.
Graveyard Spiral -ANSWER The illusion of the cessation of a turn while still in a
,prolonged, coordinated, constant rate turn, which can lead a disoriented pilot to a loss
of control of the aircraft.
Great circle route - ANSWER the shortest course between two points on the surface of a
sphere
Ground adjustable trim tab - ANSWER Non-movable metal trim tab on a control surface.
Bent in one direction or another while on the ground to apply trim forces to the control
surface.
Ground effect - ANSWER The condition of slightly increased air pressure below an
airplane wing or helicopter rotor system that increases the amount of lift produced. It
exists within approximately one wing span or one rotor diameter from the ground. It
results from a reduction in upwash, downwash and wingtip vortices, and provides a
corresponding decrease in induced drag.
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) - ANSWER A system designed to determine
an aircraft's clearance above the Earth and provides limited predictability about aircraft
position relative to rising terrain.
Groundspeed - ANSWER Speed over the ground, either closing speed to the station or
waypoint, or speed over the ground in whatever direction the aircraft is going at the
moment, depending upon the navigation system used.
Gyroscopic Precession - ANSWER An inherent quality of rotating bodies which causes
an applied force to be manifested 90° in the direction of rotation from the point where
the force is applied
Hazardous Attitudes - ANSWER Five aeronautical decision-making attitudes that may
contribute to poor pilot judgment: anti-authority, impulsivity, invulnerability, machismo,
and resignation.
Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) ANSWER An en route FSS service
that continuously broadcasts hazardous weather, from a selected group of VORs, that
,are within 150 NM of the VOR. It is only available in the conterminous 48 states.
Head-up display (HUD)- ANSWER A special type of flight viewing screen that allows the
pilot to watch the flight instruments and other data while looking through the windshield
of the aircraft for other traffic, the approach lights, or the runway.
Heading- ANSWER The direction in which the nose of the aircraft is pointing during
flight.
Heading indicator - ANSWER An instrument that senses the airplane's movement and
displays heading based on a 360° azimuth, with the zero omitted. The heading indicator,
variously called a directional gyro (DG), is essentially a mechanical instrument that
helps make the magnetic compass more useful. The heading indicator is not subject to
forces that make the magnetic compass so difficult to read.
Height above airport (HAA) - ANSWER The height of the MDA above the published
airport elevation.
Height above landing (HAL) - ANSWER The height above a designated helicopter
landing area used for helicopter instrument approach procedures.
Height above touchdown elevation (HAT) - ANSWER The DA/DH or MDA above the
highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone (first 3,000 feet of the runway).
HF - ANSWER high frequency
high performance aircraft - ANSWER An aircraft with an engine of more than 200
horsepower.
histotoxis hypoxia - ANSWER inability of the cells to use oxygen properly. There is
adequate oxygen being transported to the requiring cells but they cannot utilize it.
, Holding - ANSWER A pre-determined maneuver which keeps an aircraft within
prescribed airspace while awaiting further clearance from ATC.
Holding pattern - ANSWER A racetrack pattern, consisting of two turns and two legs,
executed by aircraft for the purpose of maintaining their position in an airspace with
respect to a geographic fix. A standard pattern uses right turns; nonstandard patterns
use left turns.
Homing - ANSWER To fly the aircraft on any heading that keeps the needle pointing to
the 0° relative bearing position.
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) - ANSWER A flight navigation instrument that
combines the heading indicator with a CDI, in order to provide the pilot with better
situational awareness of location with respect to the courseline.
Horsepower - ANSWER The term, originated by inventor James Watt, means the amount
of work a horse could do in one second. One horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per
second, or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute.
Hydroplaning - ANSWER A condition that exists when landing on a surface with standing
water deeper than the tread depth of the tires. When the brakes are applied, there is a
possibility that the brake will lock up and the tire will ride on the surface of the water,
much like a water ski. When the tires are hydroplaning, directional control and braking
action are virtually impossible. An effective anti-skid system can reduce the effects of
hydroplaning.
Hypemic Hypoxia - ANSWER a type of hypoxia which is the result of oxygen deficiency in
the blood rather than a lack of inhaled oxygen. It can be caused by many factors.
Hypemic means "not enough blood."
Hypoxia - ANSWER a condition of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair
functions of the brain and other organs.
Hypoxic hypoxia - ANSWER This type of hypoxia is due to the body not receiving enough
Solutions Latest Update
GAMA - ANSWER General Aviation Manufacturers Association
Glideslope (GS) - ANSWER Part of the ILS which projects a radio beam upward at an
angle of approximately 3° from the approach end of an instrument runway. The
glideslope provides vertical guidance to aircraft on the final approach course for the
aircraft to follow when making an ILS approach along the localizer path.
Glideslope intercept altitude - ANSWER The minimum altitude of an intermediate
approach segment prescribed for a precision approach which ensures obstacle
clearance.
Global landing system (GLS) - ANSWER An instrument approach with lateral and vertical
guidance with integrity limits, similar to barometric vertical navigation (BARO VNAV).
GNSS - ANSWER A satellite navigation system that provides autonomous geospatial
positioning with global coverage. It enables small electronic receivers to determine
their location - longitude, latitude, and altitude - to within a few meters using time signals
transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites.
GPS - ANSWER A navigation system using satellite rather than ground-based
transmitters for location information.
GPS Approach Overlay Program- ANSWER An authorization for pilots to use GPS
avionics under IFR for flying designated existing nonprecision instrument approach
procedures, except LOC, LDA, and SDF procedures.
Graveyard Spiral -ANSWER The illusion of the cessation of a turn while still in a
,prolonged, coordinated, constant rate turn, which can lead a disoriented pilot to a loss
of control of the aircraft.
Great circle route - ANSWER the shortest course between two points on the surface of a
sphere
Ground adjustable trim tab - ANSWER Non-movable metal trim tab on a control surface.
Bent in one direction or another while on the ground to apply trim forces to the control
surface.
Ground effect - ANSWER The condition of slightly increased air pressure below an
airplane wing or helicopter rotor system that increases the amount of lift produced. It
exists within approximately one wing span or one rotor diameter from the ground. It
results from a reduction in upwash, downwash and wingtip vortices, and provides a
corresponding decrease in induced drag.
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) - ANSWER A system designed to determine
an aircraft's clearance above the Earth and provides limited predictability about aircraft
position relative to rising terrain.
Groundspeed - ANSWER Speed over the ground, either closing speed to the station or
waypoint, or speed over the ground in whatever direction the aircraft is going at the
moment, depending upon the navigation system used.
Gyroscopic Precession - ANSWER An inherent quality of rotating bodies which causes
an applied force to be manifested 90° in the direction of rotation from the point where
the force is applied
Hazardous Attitudes - ANSWER Five aeronautical decision-making attitudes that may
contribute to poor pilot judgment: anti-authority, impulsivity, invulnerability, machismo,
and resignation.
Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) ANSWER An en route FSS service
that continuously broadcasts hazardous weather, from a selected group of VORs, that
,are within 150 NM of the VOR. It is only available in the conterminous 48 states.
Head-up display (HUD)- ANSWER A special type of flight viewing screen that allows the
pilot to watch the flight instruments and other data while looking through the windshield
of the aircraft for other traffic, the approach lights, or the runway.
Heading- ANSWER The direction in which the nose of the aircraft is pointing during
flight.
Heading indicator - ANSWER An instrument that senses the airplane's movement and
displays heading based on a 360° azimuth, with the zero omitted. The heading indicator,
variously called a directional gyro (DG), is essentially a mechanical instrument that
helps make the magnetic compass more useful. The heading indicator is not subject to
forces that make the magnetic compass so difficult to read.
Height above airport (HAA) - ANSWER The height of the MDA above the published
airport elevation.
Height above landing (HAL) - ANSWER The height above a designated helicopter
landing area used for helicopter instrument approach procedures.
Height above touchdown elevation (HAT) - ANSWER The DA/DH or MDA above the
highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone (first 3,000 feet of the runway).
HF - ANSWER high frequency
high performance aircraft - ANSWER An aircraft with an engine of more than 200
horsepower.
histotoxis hypoxia - ANSWER inability of the cells to use oxygen properly. There is
adequate oxygen being transported to the requiring cells but they cannot utilize it.
, Holding - ANSWER A pre-determined maneuver which keeps an aircraft within
prescribed airspace while awaiting further clearance from ATC.
Holding pattern - ANSWER A racetrack pattern, consisting of two turns and two legs,
executed by aircraft for the purpose of maintaining their position in an airspace with
respect to a geographic fix. A standard pattern uses right turns; nonstandard patterns
use left turns.
Homing - ANSWER To fly the aircraft on any heading that keeps the needle pointing to
the 0° relative bearing position.
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) - ANSWER A flight navigation instrument that
combines the heading indicator with a CDI, in order to provide the pilot with better
situational awareness of location with respect to the courseline.
Horsepower - ANSWER The term, originated by inventor James Watt, means the amount
of work a horse could do in one second. One horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per
second, or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute.
Hydroplaning - ANSWER A condition that exists when landing on a surface with standing
water deeper than the tread depth of the tires. When the brakes are applied, there is a
possibility that the brake will lock up and the tire will ride on the surface of the water,
much like a water ski. When the tires are hydroplaning, directional control and braking
action are virtually impossible. An effective anti-skid system can reduce the effects of
hydroplaning.
Hypemic Hypoxia - ANSWER a type of hypoxia which is the result of oxygen deficiency in
the blood rather than a lack of inhaled oxygen. It can be caused by many factors.
Hypemic means "not enough blood."
Hypoxia - ANSWER a condition of oxygen deficiency in the body sufficient to impair
functions of the brain and other organs.
Hypoxic hypoxia - ANSWER This type of hypoxia is due to the body not receiving enough
