Test Bank - Biostatistics for the Biological and
Health Sciences Chapters 1-3 NEWEST UPDATE
2024-25 QUESTIONS AND CORRECR ANSWERS.
Data - Correct Answer- Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey
responses) that have been collected. pg. 4
Statistics - Correct Answer- A collection of methods for planning experiments,
obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting,
presenting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. pg. 4
Population - Correct Answer- the complete collection of all elements (scores,
people, measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in the
sense that it includes all subjects to be studied. pg. 4
Census - Correct Answer- The collection of data from every member of the
population. pg. 4
Sample - Correct Answer- A subcollection of members selected from part of a
population. pg. 4
Parameter - Correct Answer- A measurement describing some characteristic of a
population. pg. 5
Statistic - Correct Answer- A measurement describing some characteristic of a
sample. pg. 5
,Quantitative data - Correct Answer- Data that consists of numbers representing
counts or measurements. (i.e. weight) pg. 5
Qualitative data - Correct Answer- Data that can be separated into different
categories that are distinguished by some non-numeric characteristic. (i.e. sex,
color) pg. 5
Discrete data - Correct Answer- Data that result when the number of possible
values is either a finite number or a "countable" number. pg. 6
Continuous (numerical) data - Correct Answer- Data that result from infinitely
many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range
of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps. (i.e. decimal number 2.42115) pg. 6
Nominal level of measurement - Correct Answer- Characterized by data that
consist of names, labels, or categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an
ordering scheme (such as low to high, yes/no, colors). pg. 6
Ordinal level of measurement - Correct Answer- Data that can be arranged in some
order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless. (i.e. course grades A-F, ranks) pg. 7
Interval level of measurement - Correct Answer- Similar to ordinal level but with
the additional property that the difference between any two data vales is
meaningful. Data, however, does not have a natural zero as a starting point. (i.e.
temperatures, time periods of years) pg. 8
Ratio level of measurement - Correct Answer- Interval level with the additional
property that there is a natural zero starting point. For these values, differences and
ratios are both meaningful. (i.e. weights, ages) pg. 8
, Voluntary response sample - Correct Answer- A self-selected sample in which the
respondents themselves decide whether to be included. Those with strong interests
or opinions are more likely to participate, should not be used for general statements
about a population pg. 10, 11
Observational study - Correct Answer- Observe and measure specific
characteristics, but no modification of subjects is attempted. pg. 11
Experiment - Correct Answer- Some treatment is applied then the effects on the
subjects is observed. pg. 11
Clinical trial - Correct Answer- Experiment with a treatment and control group. pg.
11
Treatment group - Correct Answer- Subjects are given a special treatment. pg. 11
Control group - Correct Answer- Subjects are not given a special treatment or
given a placebo. pg. 11
Cross-sectional study - Correct Answer- Data are observed, measured, and
collected at one point in time. pg .11
Retrospective (case-control) study - Correct Answer- Data are collected from the
pat by going back in time (through examination of records, interviews, and so on.)
pg. 11
Prospective (longitudinal or cohort) study - Correct Answer- Data are collected in
the future from groups sharing common factors (called cohorts). pg. 11
Health Sciences Chapters 1-3 NEWEST UPDATE
2024-25 QUESTIONS AND CORRECR ANSWERS.
Data - Correct Answer- Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey
responses) that have been collected. pg. 4
Statistics - Correct Answer- A collection of methods for planning experiments,
obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting,
presenting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. pg. 4
Population - Correct Answer- the complete collection of all elements (scores,
people, measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in the
sense that it includes all subjects to be studied. pg. 4
Census - Correct Answer- The collection of data from every member of the
population. pg. 4
Sample - Correct Answer- A subcollection of members selected from part of a
population. pg. 4
Parameter - Correct Answer- A measurement describing some characteristic of a
population. pg. 5
Statistic - Correct Answer- A measurement describing some characteristic of a
sample. pg. 5
,Quantitative data - Correct Answer- Data that consists of numbers representing
counts or measurements. (i.e. weight) pg. 5
Qualitative data - Correct Answer- Data that can be separated into different
categories that are distinguished by some non-numeric characteristic. (i.e. sex,
color) pg. 5
Discrete data - Correct Answer- Data that result when the number of possible
values is either a finite number or a "countable" number. pg. 6
Continuous (numerical) data - Correct Answer- Data that result from infinitely
many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range
of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps. (i.e. decimal number 2.42115) pg. 6
Nominal level of measurement - Correct Answer- Characterized by data that
consist of names, labels, or categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an
ordering scheme (such as low to high, yes/no, colors). pg. 6
Ordinal level of measurement - Correct Answer- Data that can be arranged in some
order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are
meaningless. (i.e. course grades A-F, ranks) pg. 7
Interval level of measurement - Correct Answer- Similar to ordinal level but with
the additional property that the difference between any two data vales is
meaningful. Data, however, does not have a natural zero as a starting point. (i.e.
temperatures, time periods of years) pg. 8
Ratio level of measurement - Correct Answer- Interval level with the additional
property that there is a natural zero starting point. For these values, differences and
ratios are both meaningful. (i.e. weights, ages) pg. 8
, Voluntary response sample - Correct Answer- A self-selected sample in which the
respondents themselves decide whether to be included. Those with strong interests
or opinions are more likely to participate, should not be used for general statements
about a population pg. 10, 11
Observational study - Correct Answer- Observe and measure specific
characteristics, but no modification of subjects is attempted. pg. 11
Experiment - Correct Answer- Some treatment is applied then the effects on the
subjects is observed. pg. 11
Clinical trial - Correct Answer- Experiment with a treatment and control group. pg.
11
Treatment group - Correct Answer- Subjects are given a special treatment. pg. 11
Control group - Correct Answer- Subjects are not given a special treatment or
given a placebo. pg. 11
Cross-sectional study - Correct Answer- Data are observed, measured, and
collected at one point in time. pg .11
Retrospective (case-control) study - Correct Answer- Data are collected from the
pat by going back in time (through examination of records, interviews, and so on.)
pg. 11
Prospective (longitudinal or cohort) study - Correct Answer- Data are collected in
the future from groups sharing common factors (called cohorts). pg. 11
