%SYSTEMDRIVE%\boot.ini - ANSWER-Contains the boot options for computers with BIOS firmware running NT-
based operating system prior to Windows Vista
CREST CPSA EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
.%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM - ANSWER-Stores Windows users' passwords in a hashed
format (in LM hash and NTLM hash). These are backups of C:\windows\system32\config\SAM
.1000BaseT - ANSWER-Gigabit Ethernet
1 GB
.100BaseT - ANSWER-"Fast Ethernet"
100 Mbps
.10BaseT - ANSWER-LAN (Ethernet)
10 Mbps
.3DES - ANSWER-168 bit key encryption (48 cycles)
.A / AAAA Record - ANSWER-IP Address
.Active OS Fingerprinting - ANSWER-Sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS and analyzes the received
response.
NMap is awesome at this
,.AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) - ANSWER-A block cypher created in the late 1990s that uses a 128-bit
block size and a 128-, 129-, or 256-bit key size.
.Apache / Tomcat - ANSWER-Apache Web Servers
.APIPA - ANSWER-Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
.ARP - ANSWER-Address Resolution Protocol
.Asymmetric Encryption - ANSWER-RSA
El Gamal
ECC Eliptic Curve
Diffie-Helman (Key Exchange)
Paillier
Merkle-Helman
Cramer-Shoup
.Base64 Encoding - ANSWER-An encoding scheme which represents any binary data using only printable ASCII
characters. Usually used for encoding email attachments over SMTP
.BGP - ANSWER-Border Gateway Protocol
.Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) - ANSWER-A standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange
routing and reach-ability information among autonomous systems on the Internet. The protocol is classified as
a path vector protocol.
.CAT5 - ANSWER-type of cable that has the ability to transfer information from one computer to another
,.CDP - ANSWER-Cisco Discovery Protocol
.Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) - ANSWER-a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol to gather information about
neighboring Cisco devices
.Cisco Password Encryption - ANSWER-secret 4 : Crappy SHA256
secret 5 : Salted MD5
secret 7: Crappy Cisco encryption to prevent cleartext in the config
secret 8 : PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2) *bruteforce target*
secret 9 : scrypt (BINGO)
.Classful IP Range : Class A - ANSWER-128 Networks (2^7), 16,777,216 Addresses per network (2^24)
Range : 0.0.0.0-127.0.0.0
Default Subnet Mask : 255.0.0.0
CIDR Notation : /8
.Classful IP Range : Class B - ANSWER-16,384 Networks (2^14), 65,536 Addresses per network (2^16)
Range : 128.0.0.0-191.255.0.0
Default Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0
CIDR Notation : /16
.Classful IP Range : Class C - ANSWER-2,097,152 Networks (2^21), 256 Addresses per network (2^8)
Range : 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.0
Default Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
, CIDR Notation : /24
.Classful IP Range Calculation - ANSWER-If the first bit is a "0", it's a class A address (Half the address space has
a "0" for the first bit, so this is why class A takes up half the address space.)
If the second bit is a "0", it's a class B address (Half of the remaining non-class-A addresses, or one quarter of
the total.)
If the third bit is a "0", it's a class C address (Half again of what's left, or one eighth of the total.)
If the fourth bit is a "0", it's a class D address. (Half the remainder, or one sixteenth of the address space.) If it's
a "1", it's a class E address. (The other half, one sixteenth.)
.Classless Subnets / CIDR - ANSWER-Class C - 255.255.255.0 , /24 (254 Hosts)
Class B - 255.255.0.0 , /16 (65,534 Hosts)
Class A - 255.0.0.0 , /8 (16,777,214 Hosts)
.CNAME (Canonical name record) - ANSWER-A type of DNS data record that holds alternative names for a host.
.Command : Display File Contents - ANSWER-Linux: cat <file>
Windows: cat <file>
.Command : View Network Info - ANSWER-Linux: ifconfig
Windows: ipconfig /all
.Computer Misuse Act 1990 - ANSWER-An Act which makes illegal a number of activities such as deliberately
planting viruses, hacking, using ICT equipment for fraud.
based operating system prior to Windows Vista
CREST CPSA EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
.%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM - ANSWER-Stores Windows users' passwords in a hashed
format (in LM hash and NTLM hash). These are backups of C:\windows\system32\config\SAM
.1000BaseT - ANSWER-Gigabit Ethernet
1 GB
.100BaseT - ANSWER-"Fast Ethernet"
100 Mbps
.10BaseT - ANSWER-LAN (Ethernet)
10 Mbps
.3DES - ANSWER-168 bit key encryption (48 cycles)
.A / AAAA Record - ANSWER-IP Address
.Active OS Fingerprinting - ANSWER-Sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS and analyzes the received
response.
NMap is awesome at this
,.AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) - ANSWER-A block cypher created in the late 1990s that uses a 128-bit
block size and a 128-, 129-, or 256-bit key size.
.Apache / Tomcat - ANSWER-Apache Web Servers
.APIPA - ANSWER-Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
.ARP - ANSWER-Address Resolution Protocol
.Asymmetric Encryption - ANSWER-RSA
El Gamal
ECC Eliptic Curve
Diffie-Helman (Key Exchange)
Paillier
Merkle-Helman
Cramer-Shoup
.Base64 Encoding - ANSWER-An encoding scheme which represents any binary data using only printable ASCII
characters. Usually used for encoding email attachments over SMTP
.BGP - ANSWER-Border Gateway Protocol
.Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) - ANSWER-A standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange
routing and reach-ability information among autonomous systems on the Internet. The protocol is classified as
a path vector protocol.
.CAT5 - ANSWER-type of cable that has the ability to transfer information from one computer to another
,.CDP - ANSWER-Cisco Discovery Protocol
.Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) - ANSWER-a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol to gather information about
neighboring Cisco devices
.Cisco Password Encryption - ANSWER-secret 4 : Crappy SHA256
secret 5 : Salted MD5
secret 7: Crappy Cisco encryption to prevent cleartext in the config
secret 8 : PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2) *bruteforce target*
secret 9 : scrypt (BINGO)
.Classful IP Range : Class A - ANSWER-128 Networks (2^7), 16,777,216 Addresses per network (2^24)
Range : 0.0.0.0-127.0.0.0
Default Subnet Mask : 255.0.0.0
CIDR Notation : /8
.Classful IP Range : Class B - ANSWER-16,384 Networks (2^14), 65,536 Addresses per network (2^16)
Range : 128.0.0.0-191.255.0.0
Default Subnet Mask : 255.255.0.0
CIDR Notation : /16
.Classful IP Range : Class C - ANSWER-2,097,152 Networks (2^21), 256 Addresses per network (2^8)
Range : 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.0
Default Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
, CIDR Notation : /24
.Classful IP Range Calculation - ANSWER-If the first bit is a "0", it's a class A address (Half the address space has
a "0" for the first bit, so this is why class A takes up half the address space.)
If the second bit is a "0", it's a class B address (Half of the remaining non-class-A addresses, or one quarter of
the total.)
If the third bit is a "0", it's a class C address (Half again of what's left, or one eighth of the total.)
If the fourth bit is a "0", it's a class D address. (Half the remainder, or one sixteenth of the address space.) If it's
a "1", it's a class E address. (The other half, one sixteenth.)
.Classless Subnets / CIDR - ANSWER-Class C - 255.255.255.0 , /24 (254 Hosts)
Class B - 255.255.0.0 , /16 (65,534 Hosts)
Class A - 255.0.0.0 , /8 (16,777,214 Hosts)
.CNAME (Canonical name record) - ANSWER-A type of DNS data record that holds alternative names for a host.
.Command : Display File Contents - ANSWER-Linux: cat <file>
Windows: cat <file>
.Command : View Network Info - ANSWER-Linux: ifconfig
Windows: ipconfig /all
.Computer Misuse Act 1990 - ANSWER-An Act which makes illegal a number of activities such as deliberately
planting viruses, hacking, using ICT equipment for fraud.
