NURS752 Exam 2 Latest Update
reasons to order an X ray - Answer infection, dyspnea, chest pain, trauma, hemoptysis,
suspected mass
What densities can be seen on Xray - Answer air, fat, water (soft tissue), bone and metal
How does air look on X ray? - Answer blackest- less dense
What would X ray for pt with emphysema or COPD exacerbation look like? - Answer
Hyperinflated with flattened diaphragm and coarse bronchovesicular markings
What would Xray for pneumonia pt look like? - Answer Ground glass opacities
Why would you order a CT? - Answer X ray and exam is inconclusive. Disease process
ongoing w/o clear dx. Can detect things like PE, lung mass, and help stage tumors d/t
better visualization of structures, soft tissues and vessels than X ray
Special considerations for CT - Answer -high resolution scan best for intersitial disease
like pulm fibrosis
-consider CT pulmonary angiography when ruling out PE
-contrast scans preferred but contraindicated in renal impairment and allergies
Which lung has 3 lobes? - Answer right
T or F: diaphragm marks the lowest part of the lungs - Answer False
Normal CTR - Answer < 1:2
What are the most dense structures on a normal X ray? - Answer bones
How do you measure the adequacy of inspiration x ray? - Answer clavicle and ribs are
landmarks
<5 ribs =incomplete inspiration >7=hyperexpansion
Checklist for reading X ray - Answer - heart: silhouette sign
-mediastinum
-diaphragm
-lungs
-skeleton
When is radiological investigation not warranted? - Answer uncomplicated URI, asthma,
minor trauma,
, 3 criteria to determine the quality of a chest X ray - Answer rotation, inspiration and
penetration
Does MRI use ionizing radiation? - Answer no
Advantages of MRI - Answer No ionising radiation, high quality image produced,
distinguishes between different types of soft tissue, not stopped by bone, no known side
effects, many details without contrast
Disadvantages of MRI - Answer high costs, longer scanning times than CT, cannot be
used in people with implanted metal devices, not widely available, many exclusions,
need protocol sequence
MRI or CT: initial eval of trauma or hemorrhage - Answer CT without contrast
MRI or CT: eval of infection, inflammation, malignancy, seizure - Answer MRI with and
without contrast
diagnostic test for epilepsy - Answer EEG
BEFAST - Answer Balance
Eyes
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
for stroke- CT or MRI first? - Answer CT to determine if bleed is hemorrhagic or ischemic
Brudzinski's sign - Answer Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to
flex when the neck is flexed.
SNOOP - Answer Red flags for HA:
Systemic s/s
Neurological deficits
Onset sudden
Older than 50
Pattern change
TiTrATE - Answer determine the etiology of dizziness/vertigo:
Timing of the symptom
reasons to order an X ray - Answer infection, dyspnea, chest pain, trauma, hemoptysis,
suspected mass
What densities can be seen on Xray - Answer air, fat, water (soft tissue), bone and metal
How does air look on X ray? - Answer blackest- less dense
What would X ray for pt with emphysema or COPD exacerbation look like? - Answer
Hyperinflated with flattened diaphragm and coarse bronchovesicular markings
What would Xray for pneumonia pt look like? - Answer Ground glass opacities
Why would you order a CT? - Answer X ray and exam is inconclusive. Disease process
ongoing w/o clear dx. Can detect things like PE, lung mass, and help stage tumors d/t
better visualization of structures, soft tissues and vessels than X ray
Special considerations for CT - Answer -high resolution scan best for intersitial disease
like pulm fibrosis
-consider CT pulmonary angiography when ruling out PE
-contrast scans preferred but contraindicated in renal impairment and allergies
Which lung has 3 lobes? - Answer right
T or F: diaphragm marks the lowest part of the lungs - Answer False
Normal CTR - Answer < 1:2
What are the most dense structures on a normal X ray? - Answer bones
How do you measure the adequacy of inspiration x ray? - Answer clavicle and ribs are
landmarks
<5 ribs =incomplete inspiration >7=hyperexpansion
Checklist for reading X ray - Answer - heart: silhouette sign
-mediastinum
-diaphragm
-lungs
-skeleton
When is radiological investigation not warranted? - Answer uncomplicated URI, asthma,
minor trauma,
, 3 criteria to determine the quality of a chest X ray - Answer rotation, inspiration and
penetration
Does MRI use ionizing radiation? - Answer no
Advantages of MRI - Answer No ionising radiation, high quality image produced,
distinguishes between different types of soft tissue, not stopped by bone, no known side
effects, many details without contrast
Disadvantages of MRI - Answer high costs, longer scanning times than CT, cannot be
used in people with implanted metal devices, not widely available, many exclusions,
need protocol sequence
MRI or CT: initial eval of trauma or hemorrhage - Answer CT without contrast
MRI or CT: eval of infection, inflammation, malignancy, seizure - Answer MRI with and
without contrast
diagnostic test for epilepsy - Answer EEG
BEFAST - Answer Balance
Eyes
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
for stroke- CT or MRI first? - Answer CT to determine if bleed is hemorrhagic or ischemic
Brudzinski's sign - Answer Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to
flex when the neck is flexed.
SNOOP - Answer Red flags for HA:
Systemic s/s
Neurological deficits
Onset sudden
Older than 50
Pattern change
TiTrATE - Answer determine the etiology of dizziness/vertigo:
Timing of the symptom
