©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/05/2024 12:06 PM
Structure & Function of the Body Ed 16
Patton Ch 16 Exam Study Guide.
Nutrients undergo three forms of processing in the body - answer✔digestion, absorption, and
metabolism
alimentary canal - answer✔digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
gastrointestinal (GI) tract - answer✔refers only to the portion that includes the stomach and intestines
main organ mouth - answer✔accessory teeth and tongue, salivary glands - parotid, submandibular,
sublingual
main organ pharynx - answer✔accessory tonsils
esophagus - answer✔main organ
stomach - answer✔main organ
main organ small intestine - answer✔duodenum, jejunum, ileum; accessory liver, gallbladder, pancreas
main organ large intestines - answer✔cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal; accessory vermiform appendix
colon - answer✔ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
ingestion - answer✔intake of food
digestion - answer✔group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones, facilitating their
absorption
mechanical digestion - answer✔Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion - answer✔breaks molecules apart
motility - answer✔movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes or
mechanical digestion; peristalsis and segmentation
secretion - answer✔release of digestive juices (enzymes, acids, bases, mucus, bile); some digestive
organs also secrete endocrine hormones that regulate digestion of metabolism of nutrients
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/05/2024 12:06 PM
absoption - answer✔movement of digested nutrients through the GI mucosa and into the internal
environment
elimination - answer✔excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum,
through the anus
regulation - answer✔coordination of digestive activity (motility, secretion, other digestive processes)
lumen - answer✔hollow space within the digestive tube
four layers of digestive tube - answer✔mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
mucosa - answer✔esophagus - stratified epithelium; rest of alimentary tract is simple columnar
epithelium; produces mucus
submucosa - answer✔connective tissue layer that lies just below the mucosa; contains many blood
vessels and nerves
muscularis - answer✔two or three layers of muscle tissue for motility
segmentation - answer✔back and forth or swishing type of intestinal motility; assist in mixing ingested
material with digestive juices and helps continue the mechanical breakdown of larger particles
serosa - answer✔outermost covering or coating of the digestive tube; composed of serous membrane
that adheres to internal organs and folds outward to form a parietal layer that adheres to the inner wall
of a cavity
visceral peritoneum - answer✔serosa covering in the abdominal cavity
mesentery - answer✔a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine
to the interior abdominal wall
types of teeth - answer✔incisor, canine, premolar, molar
incisors - answer✔front teeth
canine teeth - answer✔cuspids; more elongated
premolars - answer✔biscuspids
molars - answer✔tricuspids
bolus - answer✔food formed into a small rounded mass so it can be swallowed
deciduous teeth - answer✔baby teeth
crown - answer✔portion of tooth projecting beyond gum
dentin - answer✔Dense tissue forming the bulk of a tooth.
11/05/2024 12:06 PM
Structure & Function of the Body Ed 16
Patton Ch 16 Exam Study Guide.
Nutrients undergo three forms of processing in the body - answer✔digestion, absorption, and
metabolism
alimentary canal - answer✔digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
gastrointestinal (GI) tract - answer✔refers only to the portion that includes the stomach and intestines
main organ mouth - answer✔accessory teeth and tongue, salivary glands - parotid, submandibular,
sublingual
main organ pharynx - answer✔accessory tonsils
esophagus - answer✔main organ
stomach - answer✔main organ
main organ small intestine - answer✔duodenum, jejunum, ileum; accessory liver, gallbladder, pancreas
main organ large intestines - answer✔cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal; accessory vermiform appendix
colon - answer✔ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
ingestion - answer✔intake of food
digestion - answer✔group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones, facilitating their
absorption
mechanical digestion - answer✔Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion - answer✔breaks molecules apart
motility - answer✔movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes or
mechanical digestion; peristalsis and segmentation
secretion - answer✔release of digestive juices (enzymes, acids, bases, mucus, bile); some digestive
organs also secrete endocrine hormones that regulate digestion of metabolism of nutrients
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/05/2024 12:06 PM
absoption - answer✔movement of digested nutrients through the GI mucosa and into the internal
environment
elimination - answer✔excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum,
through the anus
regulation - answer✔coordination of digestive activity (motility, secretion, other digestive processes)
lumen - answer✔hollow space within the digestive tube
four layers of digestive tube - answer✔mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
mucosa - answer✔esophagus - stratified epithelium; rest of alimentary tract is simple columnar
epithelium; produces mucus
submucosa - answer✔connective tissue layer that lies just below the mucosa; contains many blood
vessels and nerves
muscularis - answer✔two or three layers of muscle tissue for motility
segmentation - answer✔back and forth or swishing type of intestinal motility; assist in mixing ingested
material with digestive juices and helps continue the mechanical breakdown of larger particles
serosa - answer✔outermost covering or coating of the digestive tube; composed of serous membrane
that adheres to internal organs and folds outward to form a parietal layer that adheres to the inner wall
of a cavity
visceral peritoneum - answer✔serosa covering in the abdominal cavity
mesentery - answer✔a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine
to the interior abdominal wall
types of teeth - answer✔incisor, canine, premolar, molar
incisors - answer✔front teeth
canine teeth - answer✔cuspids; more elongated
premolars - answer✔biscuspids
molars - answer✔tricuspids
bolus - answer✔food formed into a small rounded mass so it can be swallowed
deciduous teeth - answer✔baby teeth
crown - answer✔portion of tooth projecting beyond gum
dentin - answer✔Dense tissue forming the bulk of a tooth.
