Psychology lifespan development- exam 1
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How does maturation differ from learning in a developmental context?
a. Changes involving maturation are based on body growth while changes involving learning
are tied to brain growth
b. Changes involving maturation happen early in life while changes involving learning occur
later in life
c. Changes involving maturation are based on biological markers while changes involving
learning are caused by the environment
d. Changes involving maturation require the occurrence of learning while changes involving
learning are independent - CORRECT ANS- -c. Changes involving maturation are based on
biological markers while changes involving learning are caused by the environment
Which of the following examples of sociocultural context is likely to have the largest
developmental effect on a child?
a. The slackening economy of a town deprives youths of after-school job opportunities.
b. The upper-middle class of a society regards large families as unfashionable.
c. The parents of a family undergo contentious divorce and custody proceedings.
d. The legislature of a country votes to raise the legal voting age to 21. - CORRECT ANS- -a.
The slackening economy of a town deprives youths of after-school job opportunities.
The _______ of human development includes the formation and maintenance of a stable
sense of self.
a. cognitive domain
b. sociocultural domain
,c. personality domain
d. conscious domain - CORRECT ANS- -c. personality domain
Data examining the prevalence of certain traits over many generations of a family would be
of most interest to which variety of developmental researcher?
a. Geneticist
b. Evolutionary psychologist
c. Biologist
d. Neuroscientist - CORRECT ANS- -b. Evolutionary psychologist
How did Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory differ from Freud's psychodynamic framework?
a. Erikson's theory of development focused on details of inter-family dynamics rather than
broad sociocultural influences of interest to Freud
b. Erikson's theory of development stressed the importance of conscious factors over the
unconscious factors focused on by Freud
c. Erikson's theory of development emphasized the examination of normal sexuality over
abnormal sexual development focused on by Freud
d. Erikson's theory of development concentrated on early childhood through puberty
instead of considering an entire lifespan as did Freud - CORRECT ANS- -b. Erikson's theory
of development stressed the importance of conscious factors over the unconscious
factors focused on by Freud
How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?
a. Classical conditioning describes inborn learning processes rather than socially
constructed learning pathways.
b. Classical conditioning focuses on associating unrelated stimuli rather than the effect of
punishment on behavior.
c. Classical conditioning deals with emotional learning associations rather than
unconscious reactions to stimuli.
,d. Classical conditioning examines the role of observation in learning rather than how
rewards shape human actions. - CORRECT ANS- -b. Classical conditioning focuses on
associating unrelated stimuli rather than the effect of punishment on behavior.
Which of the following examples demonstrates assimilation rather than accommodation
according to Piaget's knowledge schemas?
a. A caregiver becomes anxious in the afternoons because her ward often suffers from
sundown syndrome.
b. A lawyer switches from criminal law to civil law and learns a new set of case law.
c. A customer purchases a newer model of her smart phone and familiarizes herself with its
new features.
d. A young child sees that his older sibling gets away with misbehaving at school and
begins acting out. - CORRECT ANS- -c. A customer purchases a newer model of her smart
phone and familiarizes herself with its new features.
Which of the following best describes the systems approach to developmental research?
a. A fusion of biological determinism and social determinism
b. An attempt to integrate disparate theoretical domains
c. The search for a single theory that explains observable phenomena
d. The examination of how institutional structures shape behavior - CORRECT ANS- -b. An
attempt to integrate disparate theoretical domains
Which of the following provides an example of the macrosystem according to the
bioecological model of development?
a. Small business owners encounter a tax audit for irregularities in their taxes.
b. Parents attend a parent-teacher conference at their child's elementary school
c. A man gradually strains his marriage as he retreats into increased internet use.
, d. A sales rep develops stronger social skills after interacting with clients and coworkers. -
CORRECT ANS- -a. Small business owners encounter a tax audit for irregularities in their
taxes.
Which of the following examples demonstrates a potential shortcoming of systemic
observation?
a. A psychologist encounters difficulty in drawing relevant information from a high volume
of data.
b. A researcher receives criticism for her observation paper because the behavior could not
be reproduced in a natural setting
c. A subject becomes nervous about observing scientists interpret his actions in a role-
playing game.
d. A researcher cannot correlate a reported childhood trauma and a presently observed
disorder. - CORRECT ANS- -c. A subject becomes nervous about observing scientists
interpret his actions in a role-playing game.
Developmental researchers observe the taste preferences of five-year-olds, eight-year-
olds, and eleven-year olds. Every year for three years they re-run the test on each of the
original three groups. Which research method does this experiment exemplify?
a. Cross-sectional design
b. Sequential-cohort design
c. Observational-intensive design
d. Longitudinal design - CORRECT ANS- -b. Sequential-cohort design
Which of the following describes a potential drawback of experimental research into
human development?
a. The desired behavior may be difficult to observe.
b. Cause and effect cannot be determined.
c. It is too time and cost intensive.
Tested Exam Strategies: Superior Questions
and Expert Solutions for Guaranteed Success
Expert-Verified Questions and Answers
How does maturation differ from learning in a developmental context?
a. Changes involving maturation are based on body growth while changes involving learning
are tied to brain growth
b. Changes involving maturation happen early in life while changes involving learning occur
later in life
c. Changes involving maturation are based on biological markers while changes involving
learning are caused by the environment
d. Changes involving maturation require the occurrence of learning while changes involving
learning are independent - CORRECT ANS- -c. Changes involving maturation are based on
biological markers while changes involving learning are caused by the environment
Which of the following examples of sociocultural context is likely to have the largest
developmental effect on a child?
a. The slackening economy of a town deprives youths of after-school job opportunities.
b. The upper-middle class of a society regards large families as unfashionable.
c. The parents of a family undergo contentious divorce and custody proceedings.
d. The legislature of a country votes to raise the legal voting age to 21. - CORRECT ANS- -a.
The slackening economy of a town deprives youths of after-school job opportunities.
The _______ of human development includes the formation and maintenance of a stable
sense of self.
a. cognitive domain
b. sociocultural domain
,c. personality domain
d. conscious domain - CORRECT ANS- -c. personality domain
Data examining the prevalence of certain traits over many generations of a family would be
of most interest to which variety of developmental researcher?
a. Geneticist
b. Evolutionary psychologist
c. Biologist
d. Neuroscientist - CORRECT ANS- -b. Evolutionary psychologist
How did Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory differ from Freud's psychodynamic framework?
a. Erikson's theory of development focused on details of inter-family dynamics rather than
broad sociocultural influences of interest to Freud
b. Erikson's theory of development stressed the importance of conscious factors over the
unconscious factors focused on by Freud
c. Erikson's theory of development emphasized the examination of normal sexuality over
abnormal sexual development focused on by Freud
d. Erikson's theory of development concentrated on early childhood through puberty
instead of considering an entire lifespan as did Freud - CORRECT ANS- -b. Erikson's theory
of development stressed the importance of conscious factors over the unconscious
factors focused on by Freud
How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?
a. Classical conditioning describes inborn learning processes rather than socially
constructed learning pathways.
b. Classical conditioning focuses on associating unrelated stimuli rather than the effect of
punishment on behavior.
c. Classical conditioning deals with emotional learning associations rather than
unconscious reactions to stimuli.
,d. Classical conditioning examines the role of observation in learning rather than how
rewards shape human actions. - CORRECT ANS- -b. Classical conditioning focuses on
associating unrelated stimuli rather than the effect of punishment on behavior.
Which of the following examples demonstrates assimilation rather than accommodation
according to Piaget's knowledge schemas?
a. A caregiver becomes anxious in the afternoons because her ward often suffers from
sundown syndrome.
b. A lawyer switches from criminal law to civil law and learns a new set of case law.
c. A customer purchases a newer model of her smart phone and familiarizes herself with its
new features.
d. A young child sees that his older sibling gets away with misbehaving at school and
begins acting out. - CORRECT ANS- -c. A customer purchases a newer model of her smart
phone and familiarizes herself with its new features.
Which of the following best describes the systems approach to developmental research?
a. A fusion of biological determinism and social determinism
b. An attempt to integrate disparate theoretical domains
c. The search for a single theory that explains observable phenomena
d. The examination of how institutional structures shape behavior - CORRECT ANS- -b. An
attempt to integrate disparate theoretical domains
Which of the following provides an example of the macrosystem according to the
bioecological model of development?
a. Small business owners encounter a tax audit for irregularities in their taxes.
b. Parents attend a parent-teacher conference at their child's elementary school
c. A man gradually strains his marriage as he retreats into increased internet use.
, d. A sales rep develops stronger social skills after interacting with clients and coworkers. -
CORRECT ANS- -a. Small business owners encounter a tax audit for irregularities in their
taxes.
Which of the following examples demonstrates a potential shortcoming of systemic
observation?
a. A psychologist encounters difficulty in drawing relevant information from a high volume
of data.
b. A researcher receives criticism for her observation paper because the behavior could not
be reproduced in a natural setting
c. A subject becomes nervous about observing scientists interpret his actions in a role-
playing game.
d. A researcher cannot correlate a reported childhood trauma and a presently observed
disorder. - CORRECT ANS- -c. A subject becomes nervous about observing scientists
interpret his actions in a role-playing game.
Developmental researchers observe the taste preferences of five-year-olds, eight-year-
olds, and eleven-year olds. Every year for three years they re-run the test on each of the
original three groups. Which research method does this experiment exemplify?
a. Cross-sectional design
b. Sequential-cohort design
c. Observational-intensive design
d. Longitudinal design - CORRECT ANS- -b. Sequential-cohort design
Which of the following describes a potential drawback of experimental research into
human development?
a. The desired behavior may be difficult to observe.
b. Cause and effect cannot be determined.
c. It is too time and cost intensive.
