Montgomery College Bio 150 Lecture Exam 3 Questions And Answers Already Graded A+

sister chromatids - ️️two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms; when joined, two of these make up one chromosome. usually separated during mitosis or meiosis II centrioles, centrosome - ️️a structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division is a _______. it has two _______, which are structures in an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets. chromosome - ️️a cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules; looks different in eukaryotic and protein cells chromatin - ️️the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes; when the cell is not dividing, this exists in its dispersed form genome - ️️the genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences somatic cells - ️️any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors gametes - ️️a haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm; unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote centromeres - ️️in a duplicated chromosome, the region on each sister chromatid where it is most closely attached to the other chromatid by proteins that bind to the DNA mitosis - ️️a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. cytokinesis - ️️the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II heredity - ️️the transmission of traits from one generation to the next genetics - ️️the scientific study of heredity and heredity variationhomologous chromosomes - ️️a pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. one is inherited from the organism's father, one from the organism's mother sex chromosomes - ️️a chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual autosome - ️️a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome fertilization - ️️the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote zygote - ️️the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg synapsis - ️️the pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis crossing over - ️️the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis