MT AAB Chemistry PT 2 Exam With Complete
Solutions Latest Update
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - ANSWER abundant plasma protein in early embryonic life;
serves as a tumor marker for heptacellular and germ cell carcinoma; maternal serum
concentrations analyzed as indicators of fetal trisomy of chromosome 18 or 21
Haptoglobin (Hp) - ANSWER binds free hemoglobin, prevents loss of iron; controls
inflammatory response; conc. elevated in nephrotic syndrome; conc. decreased in liver
disease
ceruloplasmin - ANSWER produced in liver, contains copper; Wilson disease is
accumulation of copper when incorporation of copper into Cp is impaired
Transferrin - ANSWER plasma transport protein for iron; increased in iron deficiency;
decreased in inflammation or malignancy, and severe hypochromic anemia
LDL - ANSWER positive risk for heart disease
HDL - ANSWER negative risk for heart disease
Acute Phase Protein (APP) - ANSWER proteins whos abundance is altered due to APR,
which is a systemic response to infection, tissue injury, inflammation
BMG (Beta2-Microglobulin) - ANSWER low molecular mass protein found on cell
surfaces of all nucleated cells; high conc. found in individuals w/ renal failure,
inflammation, neoplasms, multiple myeloma, lymphocytic leukemia
Fibrinogen Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process. Low levels
, seen with extensive bleeding, or disorders of coagulation. Functional disorders of
fibrinogen may be seen with liver disease.
CRP (C-reactive protein) Measure of inflammation and infection (cellulitis, vasculitis).
Early positive APR
Complement system - ANS system of proteins in normal blood plasma that interact with
antibodies to destroy pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells ("complement" the
ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to remove pathogens from an organism)
coagulation system - ANS prevents bleeding by production of blood clots
Clotting Assays - ANS - Capacity of the patient's plasma to correct extended coagulation
time of particular factor-deficient plasma
The clotting time of the pt in factor deficient plasma is compared to a standard curve
Activity of the coagulation factor being measured is reported as a % of the std pool
immunoglobins - ANSWER Antibodies; IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma
cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen. Contain highly specific
antigen-binding sites
IgG - ANSWER most abundant, 70-75% of total Ig, major neonatal Ig, crosses placenta
IgM - ANSWER first antibody produced, only 5-10% in adults
IgA - ANSWER found in secretions (milk, tears, sweat, saliva, etc.)
IgD - ANSWER less than 1%, primary function unknown
IgE - ANSWER only trace amounts present because it is so rapidly and firmly bound to
mast cells; related to hypersensitivity reactions like hay fever, asthma, allergies
Solutions Latest Update
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - ANSWER abundant plasma protein in early embryonic life;
serves as a tumor marker for heptacellular and germ cell carcinoma; maternal serum
concentrations analyzed as indicators of fetal trisomy of chromosome 18 or 21
Haptoglobin (Hp) - ANSWER binds free hemoglobin, prevents loss of iron; controls
inflammatory response; conc. elevated in nephrotic syndrome; conc. decreased in liver
disease
ceruloplasmin - ANSWER produced in liver, contains copper; Wilson disease is
accumulation of copper when incorporation of copper into Cp is impaired
Transferrin - ANSWER plasma transport protein for iron; increased in iron deficiency;
decreased in inflammation or malignancy, and severe hypochromic anemia
LDL - ANSWER positive risk for heart disease
HDL - ANSWER negative risk for heart disease
Acute Phase Protein (APP) - ANSWER proteins whos abundance is altered due to APR,
which is a systemic response to infection, tissue injury, inflammation
BMG (Beta2-Microglobulin) - ANSWER low molecular mass protein found on cell
surfaces of all nucleated cells; high conc. found in individuals w/ renal failure,
inflammation, neoplasms, multiple myeloma, lymphocytic leukemia
Fibrinogen Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process. Low levels
, seen with extensive bleeding, or disorders of coagulation. Functional disorders of
fibrinogen may be seen with liver disease.
CRP (C-reactive protein) Measure of inflammation and infection (cellulitis, vasculitis).
Early positive APR
Complement system - ANS system of proteins in normal blood plasma that interact with
antibodies to destroy pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells ("complement" the
ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to remove pathogens from an organism)
coagulation system - ANS prevents bleeding by production of blood clots
Clotting Assays - ANS - Capacity of the patient's plasma to correct extended coagulation
time of particular factor-deficient plasma
The clotting time of the pt in factor deficient plasma is compared to a standard curve
Activity of the coagulation factor being measured is reported as a % of the std pool
immunoglobins - ANSWER Antibodies; IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma
cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen. Contain highly specific
antigen-binding sites
IgG - ANSWER most abundant, 70-75% of total Ig, major neonatal Ig, crosses placenta
IgM - ANSWER first antibody produced, only 5-10% in adults
IgA - ANSWER found in secretions (milk, tears, sweat, saliva, etc.)
IgD - ANSWER less than 1%, primary function unknown
IgE - ANSWER only trace amounts present because it is so rapidly and firmly bound to
mast cells; related to hypersensitivity reactions like hay fever, asthma, allergies
