NUR 514 RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2025

A nurse researcher tested whether sucrose (versus sterile water) had a beneficial effect on infant pain during routine immunizations. Neither those administering the intervention nor the parents of the infants knew which infants received the sucrose. This strategy is an example of: - ANSWER Blinding There are four types of validity that effect the rigor of a quantitative study. Which type concerns the validity of inferences that there is an empirical relationship between variables? - ANSWER Statistical conclusion validity What is the purpose of the Kolmogorov Smirnov test? - ANSWER To test whether a distribution deviates significantly from a normal distribution There are three well-known criteria for establishing a causal relationship attributed to John Stuart Mill. Which is one of those criteria? - ANSWER The relationship between the cause and the effect cannot be explained as being caused by a third factor. The use of randomization for assigning participants to groups eliminates: - ANSWER Systematic bias In a data set that includes information about participants' age, the mean for the age variable is 35 years. The lowest value for age is 21 years and the highest age value is 100. What might the value of 100 signify? - ANSWER An outlier In a crossover study, women with an overactive bladder were given either caffeinated beverages for a 2-week period or were told to drink non-caffeinated beverages exclusively for 2 weeks in a randomized order of treatment. Regardless of treatment condition, the women in both groups reported less urgency of urinary voids than reported at baseline. Which effect might account for this? - ANSWER Hawthorne effect Which is an important research precept? - ANSWER Correlation does not prove causation. Dose response analysis - ANSWER An analysis to assess whether larger doses of an intervention are associated with greater benefits. Attention control group - ANSWER A control group that gets a similar amount of attention as those in the intervention group, without receiving the "active ingredients" of the treatment.