COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW NC1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which is a by-product of fat breakdown in the absence of insulin and accumulates in the
blood and urine?
A) ketones
B) creatinine
C) haemoglobin
D) cholesterol - Answer-ketones
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who is being discharged home
tomorrow. What is the best way to assess the client’s ability to prepare and self-
administer insulin?
A) ask the client to describe the process in detail
B) observe the client drawing up and administering the insulin
C) provide a health education session reviewing the main points of insulin delivery
D) review the clients haemoglobin A1C result after discharge - Answer-B
A client with type 1 diabetes presents with a decreased LOC and a fingerstick glucose
level of 39 mg/dl. His family reports that he has been skipping meals in an effort to lose
weight. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A) inserting a feeding tube and providing tube feedings
B) administer a 500-ml bolus of normal saline solution
C) administer 1 ampule of 50% dextrose solution, per physician’s order
D) observing the client for 1 hour, then rechecking the fingerstick glucose - Answer-C
A client with diabetes comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse reviews the
client's glycosylated haemoglobin test results. Which results would indicate to the nurse
that the client's blood glucose level has been well controlled?
A) 6.5%
B) 7.5%
C) 8.0%
D)8.5% - Answer-A
Which statement indicates that a client with diabetes mellitus understands proper foot
care?
A) "ill schedule an appointment with my physician if my feet start to ache"
B) "ill rotate insulin injection sites from my left foot to my right foot"
C) "ill go barefoot around the house to avoid pressure areas on my feet"
D) "ill wear cotton socks with well-fitting shoes" - Answer-D
After being sick for 3 days, a client with a history of diabetes mellitus is admitted to the
hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should evaluate which diagnostic
test results to prevent arrhythmias?
, A) serum potassium level
B) serum calcium level
C) serum sodium level
D) serum chloride level - Answer-A
What is the only insulin that can be given IV?
A) regular
B) NPH
C) lantus
D) ultralente - Answer-A
A client with diabetes mellitus received 5 units of regular insulin and 25 units of NPH at
breakfast. At about 4:30 pm, the client experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor,
and irritability. What lab value is expected?
A) serum glucose level of 450
B) serum glucose level of 52
C) serum calcium level of 8.9
D) serum calcium level of 10.2 - Answer-B
A client with a history of type 1 diabetes is demonstrating fast, deep, labored breathing
and has fruity odored breath. What could be the case of the client's current serious
condition?
A) ketoacidosis
B) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
C) hepatic disorder
D) all options are correct - Answer-A
The nurse is administering lispro insulin. Based on the onset of the action, how long
before breakfast should the nurse administer the injection?
A) 3 hours
B) 1-2 hours
C) 30-40 mins
D) 10-15 mins - Answer-D
NPH is an example of which type of insulin?
A) rapid-acting
B) short-acting
C) intermediate-acting
D) long-acting - Answer-C
A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about
management of "sick days". The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the
urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurses best response?
A) "ketones are formed when insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation. As cells
rupture, they release these acids into the blood"
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which is a by-product of fat breakdown in the absence of insulin and accumulates in the
blood and urine?
A) ketones
B) creatinine
C) haemoglobin
D) cholesterol - Answer-ketones
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who is being discharged home
tomorrow. What is the best way to assess the client’s ability to prepare and self-
administer insulin?
A) ask the client to describe the process in detail
B) observe the client drawing up and administering the insulin
C) provide a health education session reviewing the main points of insulin delivery
D) review the clients haemoglobin A1C result after discharge - Answer-B
A client with type 1 diabetes presents with a decreased LOC and a fingerstick glucose
level of 39 mg/dl. His family reports that he has been skipping meals in an effort to lose
weight. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A) inserting a feeding tube and providing tube feedings
B) administer a 500-ml bolus of normal saline solution
C) administer 1 ampule of 50% dextrose solution, per physician’s order
D) observing the client for 1 hour, then rechecking the fingerstick glucose - Answer-C
A client with diabetes comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse reviews the
client's glycosylated haemoglobin test results. Which results would indicate to the nurse
that the client's blood glucose level has been well controlled?
A) 6.5%
B) 7.5%
C) 8.0%
D)8.5% - Answer-A
Which statement indicates that a client with diabetes mellitus understands proper foot
care?
A) "ill schedule an appointment with my physician if my feet start to ache"
B) "ill rotate insulin injection sites from my left foot to my right foot"
C) "ill go barefoot around the house to avoid pressure areas on my feet"
D) "ill wear cotton socks with well-fitting shoes" - Answer-D
After being sick for 3 days, a client with a history of diabetes mellitus is admitted to the
hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should evaluate which diagnostic
test results to prevent arrhythmias?
, A) serum potassium level
B) serum calcium level
C) serum sodium level
D) serum chloride level - Answer-A
What is the only insulin that can be given IV?
A) regular
B) NPH
C) lantus
D) ultralente - Answer-A
A client with diabetes mellitus received 5 units of regular insulin and 25 units of NPH at
breakfast. At about 4:30 pm, the client experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor,
and irritability. What lab value is expected?
A) serum glucose level of 450
B) serum glucose level of 52
C) serum calcium level of 8.9
D) serum calcium level of 10.2 - Answer-B
A client with a history of type 1 diabetes is demonstrating fast, deep, labored breathing
and has fruity odored breath. What could be the case of the client's current serious
condition?
A) ketoacidosis
B) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
C) hepatic disorder
D) all options are correct - Answer-A
The nurse is administering lispro insulin. Based on the onset of the action, how long
before breakfast should the nurse administer the injection?
A) 3 hours
B) 1-2 hours
C) 30-40 mins
D) 10-15 mins - Answer-D
NPH is an example of which type of insulin?
A) rapid-acting
B) short-acting
C) intermediate-acting
D) long-acting - Answer-C
A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about
management of "sick days". The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the
urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurses best response?
A) "ketones are formed when insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation. As cells
rupture, they release these acids into the blood"
