Criminology: GCSE Edexcel Psychology
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1. operant condi- States we learn behaviours through consequence (being
tioning rewarded or punished for them)
2. positive punish- receiving a negative consequence to discourage a behav-
ment iour.
3. negative punish- taking away something pleasant to discourage behaviour.
ment
4. positive rein- receiving something positive/desirable to encourage a be-
forcement haviour.
5. negative rein- taking away something unpleasant to encourage a behav-
forcement iour.
6. primary rein- things that are naturally desirable, such as food or water
forcer
7. secondary rein- thing that becomes desirable as it leads to a primary
forcer reinforcer (money)
8. social learning States we learn behaviours through observational learn-
theory ing (watching each other in a social context) and we imitate
behaviours
9. modelling attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
process
10. Identification temporarily adopting the behaviour of a role model or
group
11. role model someone who admire or who we share characteristics
with, meaning we are more likely to imitate (eg. sex, older
people, someone with higher status)
12. vicarious rein- process where the observer sees the model rewarded,
forcement making the observer more likely to imitate the model's
behavior
13.
1/6
, Criminology: GCSE Edexcel Psychology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_big685
Eysenck's Theo- Eysenck suggested personality is a factor in criminal activ-
ry ity, and following his EPQ (Made to measure Extro/Intro-
version, Un/Stable Neuroticism and Psychoticism) ques-
tionnaire, people who score a high PEN score (Psychoti-
cism, Extroversion, Neuroticism) are more likely to enact
in criminal activity.
14. Extraversion behaviour that is outgoing, sensation-seeking and socia-
ble. An extrovert requires high levels of environmental
stimulation, as they have low levels of arousal. (In foren-
sic psychology, this means crime like involves robberies,
flashy murder etc)
15. Introversion behaviour that is calm reserved and quiet. An introvert has
high arousal, meaning they require low levels of environ-
mental stimulation, so they avoid thrill.
16. Psychotism a personality trait that is cold, lacks empathy, is antisocial
and can be aggressive.
17. Unstable neuroti- a personality trait associated with being over-reactive in
cism stressful situations, over-emotional and anxious.
18. Stable neuroti- a personality trait associated with being unreactive and
cism especially calm in stressful situations, emotionally unaf-
fected.
19. Strengths of -1982 study found correlation between high P and N
Eysenck's Per- scores and criminal activity and behaviour
sonality Theory -Holistic, as the theory combines genetics and upbringing
to explain personality.
20. Weaknesses of -The EPQ test is a self answered questionnaire, meaning
Eysenck's Theo- the results may be unreliable as people tend to answer
ry questionnaires how they want to answer/how they want to
be, not how they actually are.
-Suggests that personality is unchanging, when its possi-
ble that things like financial situation can affect personality.
21. Recividism
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_big685
1. operant condi- States we learn behaviours through consequence (being
tioning rewarded or punished for them)
2. positive punish- receiving a negative consequence to discourage a behav-
ment iour.
3. negative punish- taking away something pleasant to discourage behaviour.
ment
4. positive rein- receiving something positive/desirable to encourage a be-
forcement haviour.
5. negative rein- taking away something unpleasant to encourage a behav-
forcement iour.
6. primary rein- things that are naturally desirable, such as food or water
forcer
7. secondary rein- thing that becomes desirable as it leads to a primary
forcer reinforcer (money)
8. social learning States we learn behaviours through observational learn-
theory ing (watching each other in a social context) and we imitate
behaviours
9. modelling attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
process
10. Identification temporarily adopting the behaviour of a role model or
group
11. role model someone who admire or who we share characteristics
with, meaning we are more likely to imitate (eg. sex, older
people, someone with higher status)
12. vicarious rein- process where the observer sees the model rewarded,
forcement making the observer more likely to imitate the model's
behavior
13.
1/6
, Criminology: GCSE Edexcel Psychology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_big685
Eysenck's Theo- Eysenck suggested personality is a factor in criminal activ-
ry ity, and following his EPQ (Made to measure Extro/Intro-
version, Un/Stable Neuroticism and Psychoticism) ques-
tionnaire, people who score a high PEN score (Psychoti-
cism, Extroversion, Neuroticism) are more likely to enact
in criminal activity.
14. Extraversion behaviour that is outgoing, sensation-seeking and socia-
ble. An extrovert requires high levels of environmental
stimulation, as they have low levels of arousal. (In foren-
sic psychology, this means crime like involves robberies,
flashy murder etc)
15. Introversion behaviour that is calm reserved and quiet. An introvert has
high arousal, meaning they require low levels of environ-
mental stimulation, so they avoid thrill.
16. Psychotism a personality trait that is cold, lacks empathy, is antisocial
and can be aggressive.
17. Unstable neuroti- a personality trait associated with being over-reactive in
cism stressful situations, over-emotional and anxious.
18. Stable neuroti- a personality trait associated with being unreactive and
cism especially calm in stressful situations, emotionally unaf-
fected.
19. Strengths of -1982 study found correlation between high P and N
Eysenck's Per- scores and criminal activity and behaviour
sonality Theory -Holistic, as the theory combines genetics and upbringing
to explain personality.
20. Weaknesses of -The EPQ test is a self answered questionnaire, meaning
Eysenck's Theo- the results may be unreliable as people tend to answer
ry questionnaires how they want to answer/how they want to
be, not how they actually are.
-Suggests that personality is unchanging, when its possi-
ble that things like financial situation can affect personality.
21. Recividism
2/6
