Pathogen Attachment, Nutrient Acquisition, and Host Defense Evasion Review Questions with complete Solutions (Graded A+)

Pathogen Attachment, Nutrient Acquisition, and Host Defense Evasion Review Questions with complete Solutions (Graded A+) Attachment - Answers Microbes use adhesions to attach to host surface/tissue Listeria - Answers Bacterium that uses adhesions to enter the host Attachment factors - Answers Pili, outtermembrane proteins, lipoteichoic acid, fibronectin binding proteins Fibronectin - Answers Protein on the host connected to integrins on the extracellular matrix Fibronectin binding proteins - Answers Microbial proteins that bind to fibronectin Entry - Answers Pathogens invade the host by inducing phagocytosis or transcytosis Transcytosis - Answers Pathogens enter one side of a cell and exit from the other side Streptococcus agalatiae - Answers Bacterium that crosses the Blood Brain Barrier to infect the spinal fluid, nervous system, and brain Neisseria Gonorrhoeae - Answers Bacterium that crosses the epithelial cell to proliferate and spread Protein secretion systems - Answers Mechanisms used by bacteria to secrete proteins Gram positive bacteria - Answers Sec-dependent protein secretions Gram negative bacteria - Answers Type 1-4 secretion systems Type 3 secretion system (T3SS) - Answers System that injects proteins directly into the cell Salmonella - Answers Bacterium that uses T3SS to enter the cell and prevent phagosome/lysosome fusion Enteropathogenic E coli. (EPEC) - Answers Bacterium that uses T3SS to attach to the host cell Tir - Answers Protein from EPEC that enters the host via T3SS and becomes a receptor Intimin - Answers Protein from EPEC that binds to the Tir receptor Iron sequestration - Answers Host binds iron using transferrin, ferritin, and lactoferrin Siderophores - Answers Bacterial molecules that steal iron bound to transferrin Lipocalin 2 - Answers Host protein that binds to siderophores and keeps iron away from bacteria Bacterial transport proteins - Answers Proteins that take host iron binding protein to the surface of bacteria Low pH - Answers Causes disassociation of iron from host iron binding protein Hemolysis of RBC - Answers Causes release of iron Intracellular survival - Answers Bacteria prevent fusion of phagosome and lysosome or escape from the phagosome Salmonella - Answers Bacterium that prevents fusion of phagosome and lysosome Coxiella burnetii - Answers Bacterium that survives fusion of phagosome and lysosome Listeria - Answers Bacterium that escapes the phagosome and forms actin tails for movement Listeria monocytogenes - Answers Bacterium that causes listeriosis and can grow at low temperatures Phagocytosis - Answers Process by which macrophages and neutrophils engulf pathogens Capsules - Answers Bacterial structures that block antibody/complement binding and avoid phagocytosis Protein A - Answers Bacterial protein that inhibits phagocytosis by binding antibodies in the