Introduction to Ethics in Philosophy Exam Questions and Answers (100% Pass)

Introduction to Ethics in Philosophy Exam Questions and Answers (100% Pass) Philosophy - Answers Love of wisdom; pursuit of absolute knowledge. Pythagoras - Answers Greek philosopher who coined the term philosophy. Science of all things - Answers Systematic processes leading to wisdom in philosophy. Principle of Identity - Answers Whatever is, is; whatever is not, is not. Principle of Non-contradiction - Answers Something cannot be and not be simultaneously. Principle of Excluded Middle - Answers A proposition is either true or false. Principle of Sufficient Reason - Answers Every existence has an underlying reason. Ethics - Answers Discipline examining moral standards of individuals/societies. Morality - Answers Set of standards defining right and wrong. Metaethics - Answers Analyzes nature and foundation of moral values. Normative Ethics - Answers Determines moral standards for right and wrong conduct. Consequentialism - Answers Judges actions based on their outcomes. Deontology - Answers Certain acts are intrinsically right or wrong. Virtue Ethics - Answers Focuses on the character of the actor. Applied Ethics - Answers Examines specific moral issues in practice. Moral Experience - Answers Natural capacity to distinguish good from bad. Moral Situations - Answers Experiences requiring moral discernment. Moral Discernment - Answers Weighing values to decide good or bad. Moral Standards - Answers Principles addressing harm or benefit to individuals. Value Judgment - Answers Final decision on right or wrong actions. Universal Validity - Answers Moral standards apply universally, not contextually. Priority Over Other Values - Answers Moral standards take precedence over other norms. Not Established by Authority - Answers Moral standards arise independently of tradition. Mabaquiao and Evangelista - Answers Authors discussing moral standards in ethics. Good-Bad and Right-Wrong - Answers Evaluative terms with broader applications beyond morality. Philosophical Methods - Answers Techniques used to analyze moral permissibility. Human Moral Agency - Answers Capacity to act and deliberate on morality. Normative Statement - Answers Statement expressing obligation or what ought to be. Ethical Relativism - Answers Moral principles valid relative to society or individual. Ethical Skepticism - Answers Claims no valid moral principles exist or are knowable. Ethical Objectivism - Answers Universally valid moral principles binding on all people. Cultural Ethical Relativism - Answers Rightness depends on society's norms and values. Individual Ethical Relativism - Answers Rightness depends on individual commitments and beliefs. Diversity Argument - Answers Evidence of unique moral views across different cultures. Dependency Argument - Answers Morality is shaped by individual's social environment. Toleration Argument - Answers Respect cultural differences for social harmony. Ethnocentrism - Answers Belief one's culture is superior to others. Xenocentrism - Answers Belief other cultures are superior to one's own. Fallacy of Inference - Answers Error in deriving conclusions from premises. Premise 1 - Answers Social environment shapes individual values and morals. Premise 2 - Answers Evidence shows differences in morals among cultures. Conclusion 1 - Answers Morality is relative based on cultural differences. Conclusion 2 - Answers No universally valid moral standards exist outside cultures. Historical Example - Answers Past beliefs, like geocentrism, were proven false. Negative Consequences - Answers Inability to judge wrong practices in other cultures. Terrorist Extremism - Answers Belief in killing enemies as divine will. Architectural Standards - Answers Criteria for evaluating design quality of structures. Etiquette Standards - Answers Norms guiding proper behavior in social interactions.