NDSU Microbiology 202 Exam 2 Questions
and Correct Answers the Latest Update
Competent bacteria taking up (scavenging) segments of free-floating DNA from their
environment.
✓ Transformation
Step one of gene expression in transcription, step two of gene expression is
___________________.
✓ Translation
The transfer of plasmids, from one bacterium to another via a sex pilus.
✓ Conjugation
Term used to describe bacteriophage transferring genetic material from one bacteria to
another.
✓ Transduction
Type of genetic transfer requiring direct contact between bacterial cells.
✓ Conjugation
Conversion of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino sequence of a protein.
✓ Translation
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Synthesis of a mRNA coppy of DNA is called ________________.
✓ Transcription
A general term used to describe any of the several methods bacteria use to transfer genetic
info laterally, to members of the same generation.
✓ Horizontal Transfer
Specialized type of genetic transfer in which transposons are passed from one bacteria to
another.
✓ Transposition
Genes for capsule production can be transferred from dead, encapsulated S. pneumoniae to
live unencapsulated S. pneumoniae. This type of genetic transfer is referred to as
___________________.
✓ Transformation
General term describing an antimicrobial agent that kills bacteria.
✓ Bacteriocidal
Macromolecule composed of repeating units called nucleotides.
✓ DNA
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Heat treatment used in the canning industry designed to destroy C. botulinum endospores (but
does not necessariily result in sterilization).
✓ Commercial Sterilization
Highly resistant forms which some microbes produce to withstand unfavorable environmental
conditions.
✓ Endospores
Segments of DNA which encode proteins.
✓ Genes
Physical method of controlling microorganisms that utilizes steam under pressure to sterilize
objects.
✓ Autoclaving
Type of low energy radiation which cannot penetrate paper or plastic, but which can damage
the DNA of exposed microorganisms.
✓ Nonionizing
Use of gentle antimicrobial agents to destroy most microbes on living tissue.
✓ Antisepsis
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