PSY 121 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Whichhparthofhthehneuronhimproveshthehspeedhofhthehneuralhimpulse?h-hans--
Myelinhsheath
Whathishthehbriefhelectricalhimpulsehthathtravelshdownhthehaxonhcalled?h-hans--
Actionhpotential
1.hAthitshrestinghstate,hthehoutsidehofhahneuronhishmoreh__________h_______hthanhthehins
idehofhthehneuronh-hans--positivelyhcharged
Anhactionhpotentialhoccurshwhenhthehinsidehofhahcellhbecomeshmoreh__________hcharge
dhandhtheh__________hchargehmoveshdownhthehaxonh-hans--positively;helectrical
Inhthehprocesshofhneurotransmission,hthehactionhpotentialhcauseshneurotransmittershtohbe
hreleasedhfromhtheh________h________hintohtheh_______h-hans--
synaptichvesicles;hsynapse
Dannyhhashterriblehmigraineshthathinterferehwithhhishabilityhtohcompletehhishwork.hHehjusthl
earnedhfromhhishpsychologyhclasshthaththehmigraineshcouldhbehcausedhbyhanhoverabunda
ncehofhwhichhneurotransmitter?h-hans--Glutamate
Ahdrughlikehnicotinehthathproduceshahbiologicalhresponsehinhthehbrainhishcalledha(n):h-
hans--agonist
Whenhyouhtouchhahhothstovehandhimmediatelyhwithdrawhyourhhand,hithishcalledhah______h
andhishthehresulthofhinterneuronshwithinhtheh______h____h-hans--reflex;hspinalhcord
Claytonhincurredhahspinalhcordhinjury,handhthehdoctorshwantedhtohenrollhhimhinhahclinicalhtri
alhthathusedhstemhcellshinhthehtreatment.hStemhcellsharehspecialhbecausehtheyhcanh-hans--
turnhintohotherhspecializedhcellshinhthehbody
Chemicalhsubstanceshinhthehbodyhthathregulatehbodilyhactivitieshsuchhashgrowth,hmetaboli
sm,handhsexualhreproductionharehcalledh-hans--hormones
,Thehendocrinehsystemhconsistshofhmanyhglandshthathreleasehhormoneshforhdifferenthfunct
ions.hWhichhglandhishconsideredhthehmasterhglandhthathcommunicateshwithhallhthehotherhg
lands?h-hans--Pituitaryhgland
Javierhhashbeenhcomplaininghofhbeinghfatigued,hcold,handhdepressedhlately.hHishdoctorhde
cideshtohrunhsomehtestshonhhishendocrinehsystem.hWhathconditionhmighththehdoctorhtesthfo
rhgivenhhishsymptoms?h-hans--Hypothyroidism
Tomashhashbeenhplayinghthehpianohsincehageh5.hThroughouthhishadolescence,hhehalsohta
ughthhimselfhtohplayhguitar,hbass,handhthehdrums.hDuehtohhishpracticehwithhmusicalhinstru
ments,hTomas'shbrainhwouldhshowhimprovedh-hans--synaptichplasticity
Ahdoctorhwantshdetailedhpictureshofhthehstructureshinhahpatient'shbrainhbuthdoesn'thwanthtoh
exposehthehpatienthtohanyhradiation.hWhathwouldhbehthehbesthmethodhofhassessmenthforht
hehdoctorhtohuse?h-hans--Magnetichresonancehimagingh(MRI)
Samsonhishahclienthinhahsleephlabhandhishgoinghtohhavehhishbrainhwavehactivityhmeasuredh
whilehsleeping.hHehwillhhavehelectrodeshplacedhallhoverhhishskullhsohthaththehtesthcanhmea
surehhishbrainhactivity.hThishtypehofhtesthishcalledh-hans--electroencephalogramh(EEG)
Whathparthofhthehbrainhallowshushtohdetecthdangerhevenhbelowhthehlevelhofhconscioushawa
reness?h-hans--Amygdala
Thehcerebralhcortexhishdividedhintoh____hlobeshwithhtheh_________hlobehaththehbackhofhth
ehheadh-hans--four;hoccipital
Sophiehhashenteredhherhfirsthspellinghbee.hInhadditionhtohstudyinghfromhahlonghlisthofhword
s,hshehspendshtimehplanninghhowhtohpsychehouthherhcompetitorshonhthehbighday.hWhichhlo
behofhherhbrainhwouldhshehprimarilyhbehusinghduringhthesehactivities?h-hans--Frontal
Whichhstructurehinhthehlimbichsystemhishresponsiblehforhvoluntaryhmovementhandhcoordin
ation?h-hans--Basalhganglia
Andrehsufferedhbrainhdamagehfromhanhaccidenthathwork.hSincehhishaccident,hhehseemshto
hbehunawarehofhhishownhbodyhpartshandhathtimeshunablehtohfeelhpain.hWhichhlobehofhhishbr
ainhishlikelyhtohhavehincurredhdamage?h-hans--Parietal
Yunahloveshtohplayhsoccerhandhishanhaggressivehplayerhwhohwillhheadhthehballhashoftenhas
hshehcan.hHerhparentshhavehnoticedhthathshehhashbeenhforgettinghtohturnhinhassignments h
andhforgettinghwhenhshehishsupposedhtohhanghouthwithhfriend.hTheyharehconcernedhbecau
seh-hans--
recenthresearchhhashsuggestedhthathheadinghthehballhcanhleadhtohmemoryhproblems
Whathishthehnamehforhthehbandhofhaxonshthathconnectshthehrighthhemispherehofhthehbrainht
ohthehlefthhemisphere?h-hans--Corpushcallosum
, Forhmosthpeople,hlanguagehishprocessedhinhwhichhhemispherehofhthehbrain?h-hans--Left
Jaselynhhashahpairhofhheterozygoushgeneshforhah"widow'shpeak"hhairline.hWhathkindhofhhai
rlinehwillhshehinherit?h-hans--Ahwidow'shpeakhhairline
Thehcompletehsethofhinstructionshforhourhphysicalhandhpsychologicalhcharacteristicshishcall
edhourh-hans--genome
TwinhsistershLeahhandhLilyhknowhtheyhhavehthehgeneticshforhhearthdisease.hBothhsistershli
kehtohexercise,hbuthLilyhalsohhashahhigh-
stresshjobhandhonlyhsleepshfourhhourshahnight.hLeahhishahyogahinstructorhandheatshahmostl
yhvegetarianhdiet.hThehfieldhofhepigeneticshwouldhsuggesth-hans--
thehenvironmenthhashthehabilityhtohchangehgenehexpression,hsohbothhwomenhcanhchangeh
theirhriskhofhdevelopinghhearthdisease
Ahperson'shgenetichmakeuphishreferredhtohash________,hwhereashthehobservablehtraitshth
atharehexpressedhfromhgeneshishreferredhtohash_________h-hans--genotype;hphenotype
Gradyhwashadoptedhshortlyhafterhbirthhintohahlovinghhome.hNeitherhofhhishadoptedhparents
hdrankhalcoholhorhdidhanyhdrugs.hThroughouthhishadolescencehandhintohadulthood,hGradyh
struggledhwithhsubstancehabuse.hHeheventuallyhfoundhouththathhishbiologicalhmotherhwash
anhalcoholichforhherhentirehlife.hWhathdoeshthishscenariohsuggest?h-hans--
TherehishlikelyhahstronghgenetichexplanationhforhGrady'shsubstancehabuse
Thehcellhbodyhthathcontainshthehnucleus,hwhichhincludeshDNAhandhotherhstructureshthaths
upporththehneuron,hishcalledhtheh-hans--soma
Thehstructureshthathextendhouthfromhthehaxonhandhreleasehchemicalshintohthehspacehbetw
eenhneuronsharehcalledh-hans--terminalhbuttons
Thehneuronhthathsecreteshneurotransmittershintohthehsynapsehishcalledhtheh___________h
______,handhthehneuronhthathreceiveshthehsignalhishcalledhtheh____________h______h-
hans--presynaptichneuron;hpostsynaptichneuron
Athitshrestinghstate,hthehinsidehofhahneuronhishmoreh__________h_______hthanhthehoutsid
eh-hans--negativelyhcharged
Anhactionhpotentialhoccurshwhen:hthehinsidehofhthehcellhbecomesh___________handhreac
heshitshthreshold,hwhichhcauseshanh__________hreactionh-hans--depolarized;helectrical
Anhactionhpotentialhbecomeshah________heventhoncehtheh________________hishrelease
dhintohthehsynapseh-hans--chemical;hneurotransmitter
MuhammadhAlihhadhtroublehcontrollinghhishmotorhmovementshinhthehlasthdecadeshofhhishlif
e.hHehhadhtremorshinhhishmuscles,hwhichhmadehithdifficulthforhhimhtohwalkhandhtalk.hHehwa
ANSWERS
Whichhparthofhthehneuronhimproveshthehspeedhofhthehneuralhimpulse?h-hans--
Myelinhsheath
Whathishthehbriefhelectricalhimpulsehthathtravelshdownhthehaxonhcalled?h-hans--
Actionhpotential
1.hAthitshrestinghstate,hthehoutsidehofhahneuronhishmoreh__________h_______hthanhthehins
idehofhthehneuronh-hans--positivelyhcharged
Anhactionhpotentialhoccurshwhenhthehinsidehofhahcellhbecomeshmoreh__________hcharge
dhandhtheh__________hchargehmoveshdownhthehaxonh-hans--positively;helectrical
Inhthehprocesshofhneurotransmission,hthehactionhpotentialhcauseshneurotransmittershtohbe
hreleasedhfromhtheh________h________hintohtheh_______h-hans--
synaptichvesicles;hsynapse
Dannyhhashterriblehmigraineshthathinterferehwithhhishabilityhtohcompletehhishwork.hHehjusthl
earnedhfromhhishpsychologyhclasshthaththehmigraineshcouldhbehcausedhbyhanhoverabunda
ncehofhwhichhneurotransmitter?h-hans--Glutamate
Ahdrughlikehnicotinehthathproduceshahbiologicalhresponsehinhthehbrainhishcalledha(n):h-
hans--agonist
Whenhyouhtouchhahhothstovehandhimmediatelyhwithdrawhyourhhand,hithishcalledhah______h
andhishthehresulthofhinterneuronshwithinhtheh______h____h-hans--reflex;hspinalhcord
Claytonhincurredhahspinalhcordhinjury,handhthehdoctorshwantedhtohenrollhhimhinhahclinicalhtri
alhthathusedhstemhcellshinhthehtreatment.hStemhcellsharehspecialhbecausehtheyhcanh-hans--
turnhintohotherhspecializedhcellshinhthehbody
Chemicalhsubstanceshinhthehbodyhthathregulatehbodilyhactivitieshsuchhashgrowth,hmetaboli
sm,handhsexualhreproductionharehcalledh-hans--hormones
,Thehendocrinehsystemhconsistshofhmanyhglandshthathreleasehhormoneshforhdifferenthfunct
ions.hWhichhglandhishconsideredhthehmasterhglandhthathcommunicateshwithhallhthehotherhg
lands?h-hans--Pituitaryhgland
Javierhhashbeenhcomplaininghofhbeinghfatigued,hcold,handhdepressedhlately.hHishdoctorhde
cideshtohrunhsomehtestshonhhishendocrinehsystem.hWhathconditionhmighththehdoctorhtesthfo
rhgivenhhishsymptoms?h-hans--Hypothyroidism
Tomashhashbeenhplayinghthehpianohsincehageh5.hThroughouthhishadolescence,hhehalsohta
ughthhimselfhtohplayhguitar,hbass,handhthehdrums.hDuehtohhishpracticehwithhmusicalhinstru
ments,hTomas'shbrainhwouldhshowhimprovedh-hans--synaptichplasticity
Ahdoctorhwantshdetailedhpictureshofhthehstructureshinhahpatient'shbrainhbuthdoesn'thwanthtoh
exposehthehpatienthtohanyhradiation.hWhathwouldhbehthehbesthmethodhofhassessmenthforht
hehdoctorhtohuse?h-hans--Magnetichresonancehimagingh(MRI)
Samsonhishahclienthinhahsleephlabhandhishgoinghtohhavehhishbrainhwavehactivityhmeasuredh
whilehsleeping.hHehwillhhavehelectrodeshplacedhallhoverhhishskullhsohthaththehtesthcanhmea
surehhishbrainhactivity.hThishtypehofhtesthishcalledh-hans--electroencephalogramh(EEG)
Whathparthofhthehbrainhallowshushtohdetecthdangerhevenhbelowhthehlevelhofhconscioushawa
reness?h-hans--Amygdala
Thehcerebralhcortexhishdividedhintoh____hlobeshwithhtheh_________hlobehaththehbackhofhth
ehheadh-hans--four;hoccipital
Sophiehhashenteredhherhfirsthspellinghbee.hInhadditionhtohstudyinghfromhahlonghlisthofhword
s,hshehspendshtimehplanninghhowhtohpsychehouthherhcompetitorshonhthehbighday.hWhichhlo
behofhherhbrainhwouldhshehprimarilyhbehusinghduringhthesehactivities?h-hans--Frontal
Whichhstructurehinhthehlimbichsystemhishresponsiblehforhvoluntaryhmovementhandhcoordin
ation?h-hans--Basalhganglia
Andrehsufferedhbrainhdamagehfromhanhaccidenthathwork.hSincehhishaccident,hhehseemshto
hbehunawarehofhhishownhbodyhpartshandhathtimeshunablehtohfeelhpain.hWhichhlobehofhhishbr
ainhishlikelyhtohhavehincurredhdamage?h-hans--Parietal
Yunahloveshtohplayhsoccerhandhishanhaggressivehplayerhwhohwillhheadhthehballhashoftenhas
hshehcan.hHerhparentshhavehnoticedhthathshehhashbeenhforgettinghtohturnhinhassignments h
andhforgettinghwhenhshehishsupposedhtohhanghouthwithhfriend.hTheyharehconcernedhbecau
seh-hans--
recenthresearchhhashsuggestedhthathheadinghthehballhcanhleadhtohmemoryhproblems
Whathishthehnamehforhthehbandhofhaxonshthathconnectshthehrighthhemispherehofhthehbrainht
ohthehlefthhemisphere?h-hans--Corpushcallosum
, Forhmosthpeople,hlanguagehishprocessedhinhwhichhhemispherehofhthehbrain?h-hans--Left
Jaselynhhashahpairhofhheterozygoushgeneshforhah"widow'shpeak"hhairline.hWhathkindhofhhai
rlinehwillhshehinherit?h-hans--Ahwidow'shpeakhhairline
Thehcompletehsethofhinstructionshforhourhphysicalhandhpsychologicalhcharacteristicshishcall
edhourh-hans--genome
TwinhsistershLeahhandhLilyhknowhtheyhhavehthehgeneticshforhhearthdisease.hBothhsistershli
kehtohexercise,hbuthLilyhalsohhashahhigh-
stresshjobhandhonlyhsleepshfourhhourshahnight.hLeahhishahyogahinstructorhandheatshahmostl
yhvegetarianhdiet.hThehfieldhofhepigeneticshwouldhsuggesth-hans--
thehenvironmenthhashthehabilityhtohchangehgenehexpression,hsohbothhwomenhcanhchangeh
theirhriskhofhdevelopinghhearthdisease
Ahperson'shgenetichmakeuphishreferredhtohash________,hwhereashthehobservablehtraitshth
atharehexpressedhfromhgeneshishreferredhtohash_________h-hans--genotype;hphenotype
Gradyhwashadoptedhshortlyhafterhbirthhintohahlovinghhome.hNeitherhofhhishadoptedhparents
hdrankhalcoholhorhdidhanyhdrugs.hThroughouthhishadolescencehandhintohadulthood,hGradyh
struggledhwithhsubstancehabuse.hHeheventuallyhfoundhouththathhishbiologicalhmotherhwash
anhalcoholichforhherhentirehlife.hWhathdoeshthishscenariohsuggest?h-hans--
TherehishlikelyhahstronghgenetichexplanationhforhGrady'shsubstancehabuse
Thehcellhbodyhthathcontainshthehnucleus,hwhichhincludeshDNAhandhotherhstructureshthaths
upporththehneuron,hishcalledhtheh-hans--soma
Thehstructureshthathextendhouthfromhthehaxonhandhreleasehchemicalshintohthehspacehbetw
eenhneuronsharehcalledh-hans--terminalhbuttons
Thehneuronhthathsecreteshneurotransmittershintohthehsynapsehishcalledhtheh___________h
______,handhthehneuronhthathreceiveshthehsignalhishcalledhtheh____________h______h-
hans--presynaptichneuron;hpostsynaptichneuron
Athitshrestinghstate,hthehinsidehofhahneuronhishmoreh__________h_______hthanhthehoutsid
eh-hans--negativelyhcharged
Anhactionhpotentialhoccurshwhen:hthehinsidehofhthehcellhbecomesh___________handhreac
heshitshthreshold,hwhichhcauseshanh__________hreactionh-hans--depolarized;helectrical
Anhactionhpotentialhbecomeshah________heventhoncehtheh________________hishrelease
dhintohthehsynapseh-hans--chemical;hneurotransmitter
MuhammadhAlihhadhtroublehcontrollinghhishmotorhmovementshinhthehlasthdecadeshofhhishlif
e.hHehhadhtremorshinhhishmuscles,hwhichhmadehithdifficulthforhhimhtohwalkhandhtalk.hHehwa
