(AGACNP) NU 621
Advanced Pathophysiology
LATEST FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with bone pain
and fractures. What is the most likely underlying
pathophysiological mechanism?
A. Hypercalcemia due to increased parathyroid hormone
secretion
B. Hypocalcemia due to decreased renal activation of vitamin D
C. Hyperphosphatemia due to increased renal phosphate
reabsorption
D. Osteopetrosis
Correct Answer: B. Hypocalcemia due to decreased renal
activation of vitamin D
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease often results in reduced
renal conversion of vitamin D to its active form, leading to
hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, increasing the
risk of bone pain and fractures.
2. Which of the following best describes the Baroreceptor
response to acute blood loss?
A. Decreased heart rate and increased renal perfusion
B. Increased vasoconstriction and heart rate
©2024/2025
, C. Decreased secretion of ADH
D. Increased vagal tone
Correct Answer: B. Increased vasoconstriction and heart rate
Rationale: Baroreceptors detect a drop in blood pressure and
initiate sympathetic nervous system responses to increase heart rate
and vasoconstriction to maintain perfusion.
3. A patient with COPD is experiencing respiratory acidosis.
Which compensatory mechanism will the body primarily use?
A. Decrease in renal bicarbonate excretion
B. Increase in ventilation rates
C. Increase in blood lactate production
D. Increase in bicarbonate reabsorption
Correct Answer: D. Increase in bicarbonate reabsorption
Rationale: The kidneys will compensate for respiratory
acidosis by retaining bicarbonate to help buffer the acidic pH.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
©2024/2025
Advanced Pathophysiology
LATEST FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with bone pain
and fractures. What is the most likely underlying
pathophysiological mechanism?
A. Hypercalcemia due to increased parathyroid hormone
secretion
B. Hypocalcemia due to decreased renal activation of vitamin D
C. Hyperphosphatemia due to increased renal phosphate
reabsorption
D. Osteopetrosis
Correct Answer: B. Hypocalcemia due to decreased renal
activation of vitamin D
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease often results in reduced
renal conversion of vitamin D to its active form, leading to
hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, increasing the
risk of bone pain and fractures.
2. Which of the following best describes the Baroreceptor
response to acute blood loss?
A. Decreased heart rate and increased renal perfusion
B. Increased vasoconstriction and heart rate
©2024/2025
, C. Decreased secretion of ADH
D. Increased vagal tone
Correct Answer: B. Increased vasoconstriction and heart rate
Rationale: Baroreceptors detect a drop in blood pressure and
initiate sympathetic nervous system responses to increase heart rate
and vasoconstriction to maintain perfusion.
3. A patient with COPD is experiencing respiratory acidosis.
Which compensatory mechanism will the body primarily use?
A. Decrease in renal bicarbonate excretion
B. Increase in ventilation rates
C. Increase in blood lactate production
D. Increase in bicarbonate reabsorption
Correct Answer: D. Increase in bicarbonate reabsorption
Rationale: The kidneys will compensate for respiratory
acidosis by retaining bicarbonate to help buffer the acidic pH.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
©2024/2025
