Biological Anthropology Exam 1 (UARK
Terhune) Questions with Correct
Answers
anthropology - Answer-the study of humans across space and time
subfields of anthropology - Answer-cultural, archaeology, linguistic, biological
biological anthropology - Answer-physical anthropology, includes biomechanics,
genetics, skeletal biology, forensics, paleoanthropology, primatology
science - Answer-seeks natural causal explanations, searches for observable regularity,
relies on empirical observation by independent observers, requires that explanations be
falsified
scientific method - Answer-1.) observation
2.) hypothesis
3.) testing the hypothesis
hypothesis - Answer-to validate you must try and prove it wrong, they require rigorous
testing, includes small events and explains why things happen
observation - Answer-includes small events, describes what happens
law - Answer-includes all events and describes what things happen
theory - Answer-includes all events and explains why things happen
scala naturae (great chain of being) - Answer-hierarchical structure of all matter and life,
thought to be decreed by God, greek ideology
teleology - Answer-argument for existence of intelligent creator based on perceived
evidence of deliberate design
essentialism - Answer-a belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them
what they are, and that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery and
expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence
fixity of species - Answer-creationist concept that proposes organisms do not change
over time
systema naturae - Answer-the major work of Carl Linnaeus introducing the principal of
taxonomy
, binomial nomenclature - Answer-classification system in which each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name
catastrophism - Answer-view that earth's geological landscape is the result of violent
catastrophic events
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics - Answer-trait acquired by an animal
during its lifetime can be passed on to offspring
uniformitarianism - Answer-the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological
history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes
HMS Beagle - Answer-1831-1836, collected living samples for study in England,
observed similarities in fossils, observed sea shells inland and inferred about
mountains, Darwin
On the Origin of Species - Answer-1859, Charles Darwin's book explained how various
species evolve over time and only those with advantages can survive and reproduce
natural selection - Answer-survival of the fittest, if more offspring are produced than
survive then that means those offspring that live are more fit and the population will
begin to adapt over time
fitness - Answer-how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
artificial selection - Answer-Darwin studied this directly with pigeons, example would be
domesticated dogs and cats
preformationism - Answer-inside egg or sperm is a tiny version of an adult (homunculus)
blending inheritance - Answer-an outdated theory that the phenotype of an offspring
was a uniform blend of the parent's phenotypes.
Mendel's Law of Segregation - Answer-the two copies of a gene segregate from each
other during transmission from parent to offspring
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment - Answer-genes found on different
chromosomes are sorted into sex cells independently of one another
phenotype - Answer-physical characteristics of an organism
genotype - Answer-genetic makeup of an organism
allele - Answer-different forms of a gene
Terhune) Questions with Correct
Answers
anthropology - Answer-the study of humans across space and time
subfields of anthropology - Answer-cultural, archaeology, linguistic, biological
biological anthropology - Answer-physical anthropology, includes biomechanics,
genetics, skeletal biology, forensics, paleoanthropology, primatology
science - Answer-seeks natural causal explanations, searches for observable regularity,
relies on empirical observation by independent observers, requires that explanations be
falsified
scientific method - Answer-1.) observation
2.) hypothesis
3.) testing the hypothesis
hypothesis - Answer-to validate you must try and prove it wrong, they require rigorous
testing, includes small events and explains why things happen
observation - Answer-includes small events, describes what happens
law - Answer-includes all events and describes what things happen
theory - Answer-includes all events and explains why things happen
scala naturae (great chain of being) - Answer-hierarchical structure of all matter and life,
thought to be decreed by God, greek ideology
teleology - Answer-argument for existence of intelligent creator based on perceived
evidence of deliberate design
essentialism - Answer-a belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them
what they are, and that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery and
expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence
fixity of species - Answer-creationist concept that proposes organisms do not change
over time
systema naturae - Answer-the major work of Carl Linnaeus introducing the principal of
taxonomy
, binomial nomenclature - Answer-classification system in which each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name
catastrophism - Answer-view that earth's geological landscape is the result of violent
catastrophic events
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics - Answer-trait acquired by an animal
during its lifetime can be passed on to offspring
uniformitarianism - Answer-the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological
history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes
HMS Beagle - Answer-1831-1836, collected living samples for study in England,
observed similarities in fossils, observed sea shells inland and inferred about
mountains, Darwin
On the Origin of Species - Answer-1859, Charles Darwin's book explained how various
species evolve over time and only those with advantages can survive and reproduce
natural selection - Answer-survival of the fittest, if more offspring are produced than
survive then that means those offspring that live are more fit and the population will
begin to adapt over time
fitness - Answer-how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
artificial selection - Answer-Darwin studied this directly with pigeons, example would be
domesticated dogs and cats
preformationism - Answer-inside egg or sperm is a tiny version of an adult (homunculus)
blending inheritance - Answer-an outdated theory that the phenotype of an offspring
was a uniform blend of the parent's phenotypes.
Mendel's Law of Segregation - Answer-the two copies of a gene segregate from each
other during transmission from parent to offspring
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment - Answer-genes found on different
chromosomes are sorted into sex cells independently of one another
phenotype - Answer-physical characteristics of an organism
genotype - Answer-genetic makeup of an organism
allele - Answer-different forms of a gene
