PSYC 255 - Chapter 11 questions
fully solved &updated
one group pretest/posttest design - answer An ex one group
pretest/posttest design - answer An experiment in which a
researcher recruits one group of participants; measures them on a
pretest; exposes them to a treatment, intervention, or change; and
then measures them on a posttest.
maturation threat - answer a threat to internal validity that occurs
when an observed change in an experimental group could have
emerged more or less spontaneously over time
history threat - answer a threat to internal validity that occurs
when it is unclear whether a change in the treatment group is
caused by the treatment or by a historical factor or event that affect
most members of the group
regression threat - answer A threat to internal validity related to
regression to the mean, a phenomenon in which any extreme
finding is likely to be closer to its own typical, or mean, level the
next time it is measured (with or without the experimental
treatment or intervention).
regression to the mean - answer A phenomenon in which an
extreme finding is likely to be closer to its own typical, or mean,
level the next time it is measured, because the same combination of
chance factors that made the finding extreme are not present the
second time.
attrition threat - answer In a pretest/posttest, repeated-measures,
or quasi-experimental study, a threat to internal validity that occurs
, when a systematic type of participant drops out of the study before
it ends.
testing threat - answer In a repeated-measures experiment or
quasi-experiment, a kind of order effect in which scores change over
time just because participants have taken the test more than once;
includes practice effects and fatigue effects.
instrumentation threat - answer a threat to internal validity that
occurs when a measuring instrument changes over time
selection-history threat - answer A threat to internal validity in
which a historical or seasonal event systematically affects only the
subjects in the treatment group or only those in the comparison
group, not both.
selection-attrition threat - answer a threat to internal validity in
which participants are likely to drop out of either the treatment
group or the comparison group, not both
observer bias - answer a bias that occurs when observer
expectations influence the interpretation of participant behaviors or
the outcome of the study
demand characteristics - answer a cue that leads participants to
guess a study's hypotheses or goals; a threat to internal validity
double-blind study - answer a study in which neither the
participants nor the researchers who evaluate them know who is in
the treatment group and who is in the comparison group
masked design - answer a study design in which the observers are
unaware of the experimental conditions to which participants have
been assigned
fully solved &updated
one group pretest/posttest design - answer An ex one group
pretest/posttest design - answer An experiment in which a
researcher recruits one group of participants; measures them on a
pretest; exposes them to a treatment, intervention, or change; and
then measures them on a posttest.
maturation threat - answer a threat to internal validity that occurs
when an observed change in an experimental group could have
emerged more or less spontaneously over time
history threat - answer a threat to internal validity that occurs
when it is unclear whether a change in the treatment group is
caused by the treatment or by a historical factor or event that affect
most members of the group
regression threat - answer A threat to internal validity related to
regression to the mean, a phenomenon in which any extreme
finding is likely to be closer to its own typical, or mean, level the
next time it is measured (with or without the experimental
treatment or intervention).
regression to the mean - answer A phenomenon in which an
extreme finding is likely to be closer to its own typical, or mean,
level the next time it is measured, because the same combination of
chance factors that made the finding extreme are not present the
second time.
attrition threat - answer In a pretest/posttest, repeated-measures,
or quasi-experimental study, a threat to internal validity that occurs
, when a systematic type of participant drops out of the study before
it ends.
testing threat - answer In a repeated-measures experiment or
quasi-experiment, a kind of order effect in which scores change over
time just because participants have taken the test more than once;
includes practice effects and fatigue effects.
instrumentation threat - answer a threat to internal validity that
occurs when a measuring instrument changes over time
selection-history threat - answer A threat to internal validity in
which a historical or seasonal event systematically affects only the
subjects in the treatment group or only those in the comparison
group, not both.
selection-attrition threat - answer a threat to internal validity in
which participants are likely to drop out of either the treatment
group or the comparison group, not both
observer bias - answer a bias that occurs when observer
expectations influence the interpretation of participant behaviors or
the outcome of the study
demand characteristics - answer a cue that leads participants to
guess a study's hypotheses or goals; a threat to internal validity
double-blind study - answer a study in which neither the
participants nor the researchers who evaluate them know who is in
the treatment group and who is in the comparison group
masked design - answer a study design in which the observers are
unaware of the experimental conditions to which participants have
been assigned
