Portage Microbiology Module 2 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update Already Passed

Portage Microbiology Module 2 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update Already Passed cellular metabolism - Answers a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life enzyme - Answers a protein, or group of proteins, that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions/is not consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell cofactor - Answers a small chemical component, usually metal ions, that assist enzymes during the catalysis reactions/serve as regulators of chemical reactions: in their absence, enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active catabolism - Answers the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources anabolism - Answers the building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger complexes anabolism - Answers used during growth and repair phases of the cell ATP - Answers most widely used form of energy in the cells donate/accept - Answers ATP has energy to _________ while ADP can ___________ energy (phosphate group) to become ATP phototrophs - Answers acquire energy from photons of light to generate ATP from ADP chemotrophs - Answers acquire energy from preformed (already existing) chemicals found in the environment organotrophs - Answers removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose lithotrophs - Answers remove electrons from inorganic molecules such as elemental sulfur carbon - Answers in order to carry out metabolic processes, microbes must also have a source of... heterotroph - Answers a microorganism that derives its carbon from organic molecules such as sugars autotroph - Answers organisms that derive their carbon from inorganic molecules, most often from carbon dioxide (CO2) phosphorylation - Answers the addition of a phosphate group photophosphorylation - Answers light energy is used to power the formation of ATP from ADP substrate-level phosphorylation - Answers the phosphoryl (PO3) group of a chemical compound is transferred and donated (added) directly to ADP phosphorylated reactive intermediate - Answers in substrate-level phosphorylation, the chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the... oxidative phosphorylation - Answers used by chemotrophs, the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nutrients is used to reform ATP glycolysis - Answers the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose reactants - Answers molecules present and involved at the beginning of a chemical reaction 2NAD/2ATP - Answers reactants with glucose in glycolysis phosphorylation of glucose - Answers prevents glucose from diffusing out of the cell as well serving as the signal molecule to the cell that glycolysis is about to begin products of glycolysis - Answers 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 NADH molecules and 4 ATP NAD/NADH - Answers plays a vital role in generating and maintaining energy for the cell fermentation/respiration - Answers two main strategies utilized by cells to replenish the supply of NAD+ fermentation - Answers an anaerobic process in which NADH is converted back to NAD+ while pyruvate is converted to a waste byproduct, commonly lactic acid or ethanol, to be eliminated from the cell respiration - Answers a more efficient aerobic process used by microorganisms to produce energy tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle - Answers central pathway of respiration/requires an additional coenzyme similar to NAD called flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) products of TCA - Answers 2 ATP in total (one for each pyruvate processed) and an abundance of reduced electron carriers: NADH and FADH2 primary function of the TCA cycle - Answers production of these reduced electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)/the transfer of these electrons will fuel the generation of ATP via the electron transport system electron transport chain - Answers a continuation of cellular respiration and can proceed either aerobically or anaerobically anaerobic respiration - Answers less efficient and yields fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration mitochondria - Answers as electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to terminal electron acceptors (O2; aerobic respiration), energy is released and captured by electron acceptor proteins located in the inner membrane of.... protons - Answers electrons are then passed down a chain of electron acceptors (thus the name) causing ___________ (H+; positive charge) to be pumped out of the membrane, causing a strong differential across the mitochondrial membrane, proton motive force - Answers drives H+ back through the ATP synthase complex, also located in the membrane, resulting in the production of up to 34 molecules of ATP polysaccharides - Answers typically molecules that are too large to be transported directly across the plasma membrane. Instead microbes must secrete enzymes capable of degrading the polymer into small, more manageable subunits direct contact - Answers ________________ w/ a polysaccharide is often required by the microorganism to ensure maximal absorption proteins - Answers must also be broken into smaller subunits or individual amino acids by enzymes protease - Answers an enzyme that catabolizes protein amino acid - Answers a rich source of nutrients as they are a source not only of carbon and energy but also nitrogen and sulfur lipids - Answers rich in energy, often having many reduced carbon molecules lipase - Answers separate the fatty acid chains from the glycerol backbone lipid backbone - Answers processed for carbon and energy