PSFA SLIDES 2024/2025
(QUESTIONS &
CORRECTANSWERS) GRADED
A+
"Public safety first aid"
The recogni7on of and
immediate care for injury or
sudden illness, including
medical emergencies, by
public safety personnel prior
to the availability of medical
care by licensed or cer7fied
health care professionals
PENMAN Scene Size Up
P- Personal safety (BSI/PPE)
E- Environment (Danger Zones)
N- Number of pa7ents
M- Mechanism of injury (MOI) / Nature of illness (NOI)
A- Addi7onal resources
N- Need for c-spine precau7ons / extrica7on
BSI
Body substance isola7on
Need for Addi7onal Resources?
• Peer Backup?
• Medics?
,• Fire?
• Hazmat?
• Power Co.?
• Traffic Control?
• Helicopter?
Virus
• Needs a host cell
• Not sensi7ve to an7bio7cs
Bacteria
No host cell needed
Sensi7ve to An7bio7cs
Defenses Against Infec7on
Physical Barriers
• Intact skin, mucous membranes
Chemical Barriers
• Sweat, oil, tears, stomach acid
'Inflammatory' Response
• Rapid & nonspecific
'Immune' Response
• Delayed but specific (an7bodies)
Chain of Transmission
Infec7ous Agent (HAV)
• Reservoir (Infected Food Worker At ACUTE TACO CO.)
• Portal of Exit (Diarrhea . . . On His Unwashed Hands ☺)
• Means of Transmission (His Special 'Hand-Made' Taco)
• Portal of Entry (Your Mouth ☹)
Modes of Transmission
,Airborne
• Droplet (sneezing) > cold, flu, meningi7s
• Dust (sweeping up mouse poop) > Hantavirus
Contact
• Direct (blood to blood / unprotected sex) > HIV, HBV
• Indirect (discarded syringe / blood stains) > HBV
Enteric
• Fecal-oral (swimming, El Taco 'Especial') > HAV
Vector
• Intermediate Carrier (mosquito, 7ck) > malaria, Lyme's
Hantavirus
• Early symptoms "flu-like" - fa7gue, fever, muscle
aches, headache.
• Later symptoms - coughing, shortness of breath,
'pulmonary edema' (fluid in lungs)
Minimize exposure - rodents abatement, wet down
areas to be cleaned of rodent scat (to prevent
suspension of contaminated dust), wear respirator
Hep- A
Acute Liver Disease
• No chronic infec7on
• Confers permanent immunity
Fecal-Oral Transmission
- Feces of a person with HAV ingested
- Some7mes remote (e.g. Surfer in sewage
contaminated water)
, SYMPTOMS: Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea
(infec7ous), fa7gue, fever, jaundice
Hep-B
May be Acute (<6 mo.) Or Chronic
• Chronic cases prone to cirrhosis/cancer!
• Symptoms may not appear for years, but
asymptoma7c pa7ents are s7ll infec7ous!
• 'Hardy' virus - survives outside the body
Body Fluid Transmission
• Unprotected sexual contact
• Sharing needles
• Body fluid exposure
• Childbirth (that cute baby may be dangerous!)
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Lyme disease
Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Tetnus
Bacterial infec7on, causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death,
muscles can't relax
When do you have a duty to act?
On duty or iden7fiable
Negligance
Careless neglect, oeen resul7ng in injury
Simple negligence
(QUESTIONS &
CORRECTANSWERS) GRADED
A+
"Public safety first aid"
The recogni7on of and
immediate care for injury or
sudden illness, including
medical emergencies, by
public safety personnel prior
to the availability of medical
care by licensed or cer7fied
health care professionals
PENMAN Scene Size Up
P- Personal safety (BSI/PPE)
E- Environment (Danger Zones)
N- Number of pa7ents
M- Mechanism of injury (MOI) / Nature of illness (NOI)
A- Addi7onal resources
N- Need for c-spine precau7ons / extrica7on
BSI
Body substance isola7on
Need for Addi7onal Resources?
• Peer Backup?
• Medics?
,• Fire?
• Hazmat?
• Power Co.?
• Traffic Control?
• Helicopter?
Virus
• Needs a host cell
• Not sensi7ve to an7bio7cs
Bacteria
No host cell needed
Sensi7ve to An7bio7cs
Defenses Against Infec7on
Physical Barriers
• Intact skin, mucous membranes
Chemical Barriers
• Sweat, oil, tears, stomach acid
'Inflammatory' Response
• Rapid & nonspecific
'Immune' Response
• Delayed but specific (an7bodies)
Chain of Transmission
Infec7ous Agent (HAV)
• Reservoir (Infected Food Worker At ACUTE TACO CO.)
• Portal of Exit (Diarrhea . . . On His Unwashed Hands ☺)
• Means of Transmission (His Special 'Hand-Made' Taco)
• Portal of Entry (Your Mouth ☹)
Modes of Transmission
,Airborne
• Droplet (sneezing) > cold, flu, meningi7s
• Dust (sweeping up mouse poop) > Hantavirus
Contact
• Direct (blood to blood / unprotected sex) > HIV, HBV
• Indirect (discarded syringe / blood stains) > HBV
Enteric
• Fecal-oral (swimming, El Taco 'Especial') > HAV
Vector
• Intermediate Carrier (mosquito, 7ck) > malaria, Lyme's
Hantavirus
• Early symptoms "flu-like" - fa7gue, fever, muscle
aches, headache.
• Later symptoms - coughing, shortness of breath,
'pulmonary edema' (fluid in lungs)
Minimize exposure - rodents abatement, wet down
areas to be cleaned of rodent scat (to prevent
suspension of contaminated dust), wear respirator
Hep- A
Acute Liver Disease
• No chronic infec7on
• Confers permanent immunity
Fecal-Oral Transmission
- Feces of a person with HAV ingested
- Some7mes remote (e.g. Surfer in sewage
contaminated water)
, SYMPTOMS: Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea
(infec7ous), fa7gue, fever, jaundice
Hep-B
May be Acute (<6 mo.) Or Chronic
• Chronic cases prone to cirrhosis/cancer!
• Symptoms may not appear for years, but
asymptoma7c pa7ents are s7ll infec7ous!
• 'Hardy' virus - survives outside the body
Body Fluid Transmission
• Unprotected sexual contact
• Sharing needles
• Body fluid exposure
• Childbirth (that cute baby may be dangerous!)
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Lyme disease
Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Tetnus
Bacterial infec7on, causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death,
muscles can't relax
When do you have a duty to act?
On duty or iden7fiable
Negligance
Careless neglect, oeen resul7ng in injury
Simple negligence
