BIO 115 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025
What is the correct order of steps in the excitation/contraction coupling of muscle cells?
a) A --> B --> C --> D --> E
b) B --> A --> C --> E --> D
c) B --> C --> D --> A --> E
d) E --> C --> B --> A --> D - ANS >>d) E --> C --> B --> A --> D
Guard cells do which of the following?
a) protect the endodermis
b) increase the rate of transpiration
c) increase the number of stomata
d) help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise - ANS >>d) help balance the
photosynthesis-transpiration compromise
The blood pressure is lower in capillaries because
a) the capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells
b) the capillaries are from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases
c) the systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower cardiac output than the
right ventricle
d) the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the
arteries or any other part of the circulatory system - ANS >>d) the total cross-sectional area of the
capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory
system
This figure represents:
a) actively take up salt and excrete lots of water
,b) B cells being activated by a pathogen
c) T cells being activated by a pathogen
d) both T and B cells being activated by a pathogen - ANS >>b) B cells being activated by a pathogen
Root hairs are important to a plant mostly because they
a) store starches
b) contain xylem tissue
c) anchor a plant to soil
d) increase surface area for absorption - ANS >>d) increase surface area for absorption
How does the digestion and absorption of fat differ from that of the carbohydrates?
a) processing of fat does not require digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates doe
b) fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine
c) carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not
d) most absorbed fat enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood - ANS
>>d) most absorbed fat enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood
Patients with celiac disease often have damaged of flattened villi in their small intestine. Which of the
following stages of food processing would be affected the most?
a) elimination
b) absorption
c) ingestion
d) hydrolysis
e) secretion - ANS >>b) absorption
What is the approximate oxygen saturation percentage of bar-headed goose hemoglobin on top of
Mount Everest?
a) 70%
b) 80%
c) 90%
,d) 100% - ANS >>c) 90%
Which of the following is true?
a) bar-headed geese have more blood than humans
b) bar-headed geese have more hemoglobin than humans
c) bar-headed goose hemoglobin has a higher O2 affinity than human's
d) bar-headed goose hemoglobin has lower O2 affinity than human's - ANS >>c) bar-headed goose
hemoglobin has a higher O2 affinity than human's
Countercurrent exchange is evident in
a) the flow of water and blood in the gills of a fish
b) the flow of blood in the dorsal vessel of an insect and that of air within its tracheae
c) the flow of air within the primary bronchi of a human and that of blood within the pulmonary veins
d) the flow of water across the skin of a frog and that of blood within the ventricle of its heart - ANS >>a)
the flow of water and blood in the gills of a fish
What role does bile play in the digestion process?
a) it provides optimal environment for pepsin
b) it provides optimal environment for salivary amylase
c) it emulsifies the fat droplets making fatty acids more accessible to the lipase
d) it breaks down fat droplets into fatty acids and glycerol - ANS >>c) it emulsifies the fat droplets making
fatty acids more accessible to the lipase
Certain plants such as soybeans have bacteria growing in nodules on their roots which help them fix
_______, which is used to make _______.
a) inorganic - chloroplasts
b) nitrogen - amino acids
c) calcium - cell walls
d) hydrogen - water - ANS >>b) nitrogen - amino acids
, Which statement best describes why certain nutrients are considered "essential"?
a) Only specific animals use the nutrients
b) they are subunits of important polymers
c) They cannot be manufactured by the animal
d) they are necessary coenzymes - ANS >>c) They cannot be manufactured by the animal
Which of the following choices is TRUE regarding O2 and hemoglobin binding in exercising tissues?
a) Hemoglobin is more likely to exhibit cooperative binding of O2 in exercising tissues
b) In exercising tissues, increased Pco2 levels decrease the pH, inhibiting dissociation/unloading of the
O2 from the hemoglobin
c) Exercising tissues are more likely to unload O2 at a normal pH than an acidic pH
d) O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases when Pco2 in the tissues is low - ANS >>d) O2 saturation of
hemoglobin decreases when Pco2 in the tissues is low
a) pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to increase
b) pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to decrease
c) pH increases, which causes breathing rate to increase
d) pH increases, which causes breathing rate to decrease - ANS >>a) pH decreases, which causes
breathing rate to increase
What can you infer form the two graphs above?
a) As the partial pressure of oxygen increases, the percent saturation of hemoglobin increases
b) pH and temperature both have an effect on the percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
c) When the partial pressure of oxygen is 100mmHg, the percent saturation of hemoglobin is always less
than 50
d) Only A and B - ANS >>d) Only A and B
In oxygen dissociation curves, a shift in the curve due to _____ is called the Bohr shift.
a) temperature
b) PCO2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/2025
What is the correct order of steps in the excitation/contraction coupling of muscle cells?
a) A --> B --> C --> D --> E
b) B --> A --> C --> E --> D
c) B --> C --> D --> A --> E
d) E --> C --> B --> A --> D - ANS >>d) E --> C --> B --> A --> D
Guard cells do which of the following?
a) protect the endodermis
b) increase the rate of transpiration
c) increase the number of stomata
d) help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise - ANS >>d) help balance the
photosynthesis-transpiration compromise
The blood pressure is lower in capillaries because
a) the capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells
b) the capillaries are from the heart, and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases
c) the systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower cardiac output than the
right ventricle
d) the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the
arteries or any other part of the circulatory system - ANS >>d) the total cross-sectional area of the
capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory
system
This figure represents:
a) actively take up salt and excrete lots of water
,b) B cells being activated by a pathogen
c) T cells being activated by a pathogen
d) both T and B cells being activated by a pathogen - ANS >>b) B cells being activated by a pathogen
Root hairs are important to a plant mostly because they
a) store starches
b) contain xylem tissue
c) anchor a plant to soil
d) increase surface area for absorption - ANS >>d) increase surface area for absorption
How does the digestion and absorption of fat differ from that of the carbohydrates?
a) processing of fat does not require digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates doe
b) fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine
c) carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not
d) most absorbed fat enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood - ANS
>>d) most absorbed fat enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood
Patients with celiac disease often have damaged of flattened villi in their small intestine. Which of the
following stages of food processing would be affected the most?
a) elimination
b) absorption
c) ingestion
d) hydrolysis
e) secretion - ANS >>b) absorption
What is the approximate oxygen saturation percentage of bar-headed goose hemoglobin on top of
Mount Everest?
a) 70%
b) 80%
c) 90%
,d) 100% - ANS >>c) 90%
Which of the following is true?
a) bar-headed geese have more blood than humans
b) bar-headed geese have more hemoglobin than humans
c) bar-headed goose hemoglobin has a higher O2 affinity than human's
d) bar-headed goose hemoglobin has lower O2 affinity than human's - ANS >>c) bar-headed goose
hemoglobin has a higher O2 affinity than human's
Countercurrent exchange is evident in
a) the flow of water and blood in the gills of a fish
b) the flow of blood in the dorsal vessel of an insect and that of air within its tracheae
c) the flow of air within the primary bronchi of a human and that of blood within the pulmonary veins
d) the flow of water across the skin of a frog and that of blood within the ventricle of its heart - ANS >>a)
the flow of water and blood in the gills of a fish
What role does bile play in the digestion process?
a) it provides optimal environment for pepsin
b) it provides optimal environment for salivary amylase
c) it emulsifies the fat droplets making fatty acids more accessible to the lipase
d) it breaks down fat droplets into fatty acids and glycerol - ANS >>c) it emulsifies the fat droplets making
fatty acids more accessible to the lipase
Certain plants such as soybeans have bacteria growing in nodules on their roots which help them fix
_______, which is used to make _______.
a) inorganic - chloroplasts
b) nitrogen - amino acids
c) calcium - cell walls
d) hydrogen - water - ANS >>b) nitrogen - amino acids
, Which statement best describes why certain nutrients are considered "essential"?
a) Only specific animals use the nutrients
b) they are subunits of important polymers
c) They cannot be manufactured by the animal
d) they are necessary coenzymes - ANS >>c) They cannot be manufactured by the animal
Which of the following choices is TRUE regarding O2 and hemoglobin binding in exercising tissues?
a) Hemoglobin is more likely to exhibit cooperative binding of O2 in exercising tissues
b) In exercising tissues, increased Pco2 levels decrease the pH, inhibiting dissociation/unloading of the
O2 from the hemoglobin
c) Exercising tissues are more likely to unload O2 at a normal pH than an acidic pH
d) O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreases when Pco2 in the tissues is low - ANS >>d) O2 saturation of
hemoglobin decreases when Pco2 in the tissues is low
a) pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to increase
b) pH decreases, which causes breathing rate to decrease
c) pH increases, which causes breathing rate to increase
d) pH increases, which causes breathing rate to decrease - ANS >>a) pH decreases, which causes
breathing rate to increase
What can you infer form the two graphs above?
a) As the partial pressure of oxygen increases, the percent saturation of hemoglobin increases
b) pH and temperature both have an effect on the percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
c) When the partial pressure of oxygen is 100mmHg, the percent saturation of hemoglobin is always less
than 50
d) Only A and B - ANS >>d) Only A and B
In oxygen dissociation curves, a shift in the curve due to _____ is called the Bohr shift.
a) temperature
b) PCO2
