A&p- anatomy and physiology certified exam
anatomy - ANSstudy of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome which means to cut apart
or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of organims studying the relationships among parts of
the body and the structure of individual organs
physiology - ANSthe study of function of the body parts; physiologists examine how organs and body
systems function under normal circumstances as well as how their functions are altered with medication
or disease
branches of anatomy - ANSmicroscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,; macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit)
embryology - ANSdiscipline concerned with developmental changes occuring from conception to birth
comparative A&P - ANSexamines similarities and differences of anatomy and physiology of different
species
pathophysiology - ANSrelationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to
that organ system
basic qualities of life - ANSorganization- each organism has a complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism (smaller molecules
form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken down to smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its environment and often grows
and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face of environmental changes-
homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
, organization of the human body - ANSchemical level- consists of atoms, molecules, macromolecules,
and organelles
cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules from chemical level
tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work together for specific, complex
functions
organ system level- organs that work together to coordinate activities and acheive a common function
anterior - ANSin front of
posterior - ANSin back of
dorsal - ANSon the backside of the human body
ventral - ANSon the belly side of the human body
superior - ANScloser to the head
inferior - ANScloser to the feet
deep - ANSon the inside
superficial - ANSon the outside
homeostasis - ANSrefers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment or
"steady state"; for example if the body gets hot due to external temperature, the body maintains a
steady state by circulating more blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss; nervous system
regulating blood pressure when you get out of bed in the morning
receptor- detects changes in variable; either substance or process stimulus
anatomy - ANSstudy of structure and form; derived from Greek word Anatome which means to cut apart
or dissect; Anatomists study structure and form of organims studying the relationships among parts of
the body and the structure of individual organs
physiology - ANSthe study of function of the body parts; physiologists examine how organs and body
systems function under normal circumstances as well as how their functions are altered with medication
or disease
branches of anatomy - ANSmicroscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the unaided eye
(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;
histology- study of tissues)
gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the unaided eye,; macroscopic
(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body system;
regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit)
embryology - ANSdiscipline concerned with developmental changes occuring from conception to birth
comparative A&P - ANSexamines similarities and differences of anatomy and physiology of different
species
pathophysiology - ANSrelationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to
that organ system
basic qualities of life - ANSorganization- each organism has a complex structure and order
metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions to occur within a body; anabolism (smaller molecules
form larger) and catabolism (larger molecules are broken down to smaller)
growth and development- each organism assimilates materials from its environment and often grows
and develops
responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
regulation- ability to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face of environmental changes-
homeostasis- ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment
, organization of the human body - ANSchemical level- consists of atoms, molecules, macromolecules,
and organelles
cell level- consists of cells, made up of structures and molecules from chemical level
tissue level- made up of tissues which are made of cells
organ level- made up of organs made up of 2-3 tissue types that work together for specific, complex
functions
organ system level- organs that work together to coordinate activities and acheive a common function
anterior - ANSin front of
posterior - ANSin back of
dorsal - ANSon the backside of the human body
ventral - ANSon the belly side of the human body
superior - ANScloser to the head
inferior - ANScloser to the feet
deep - ANSon the inside
superficial - ANSon the outside
homeostasis - ANSrefers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment or
"steady state"; for example if the body gets hot due to external temperature, the body maintains a
steady state by circulating more blood toward the surface to facilitate heat loss; nervous system
regulating blood pressure when you get out of bed in the morning
receptor- detects changes in variable; either substance or process stimulus
